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The Military Government United States Technology

F-35 Might Be Outperformed By Fourth-Generation Fighters 732

savuporo writes: Defensetech.org posted a story relaying a report from National Security Network titled "Thunder without Lightning: The High Costs and Limited Benefits of the F-35 Program". According to the story, F-35 is outperformed or showing only slight advantages in simulations and limited real-life tests by decades old 4th-generation fighters like F-16 and F18, but also MiG-29 Fulcrum and Su-27 Flanker, that are of course made by Russia and latter also produced in China. The story also refers back to earlier report last month of F-35 performing poorly in dogfights. "In one simulation subcontracted by the RAND Corporation, the F-35 incurred a loss exchange ratio of 2.4–1 against Chinese Su-35s. That is, more than two F-35s were lost for each Su-35 shot down."
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F-35 Might Be Outperformed By Fourth-Generation Fighters

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  • by WSOGMM ( 1460481 ) on Monday August 17, 2015 @01:14AM (#50329515)
    America surely has a better fighter jet up its sleeve!!!1! The pentagon must be secretly spending the money elsewhere!
    • by Anonymous Coward on Monday August 17, 2015 @01:31AM (#50329585)

      Actually they do. It was called the F-22. It was killed in favor of the (supposedly cheaper and as effective) F-35.

      Of course the problem with both jets is that they're way too expensive compared to earlier jets the US already has. Plus the F-22 only works in clear, cloudless skies (rain ablates the stealth paint) and only if you never cross the International Date Line.

      So while there was a 5th generation jet that could take on 4th generation jets, it was killed due to be an overpriced boondoggle. Its replacement is a new overpriced boondoggle that doesn't even manage to fill the role it was supposed to.

      My personal favorite F-35 issue is that the F-35B model can't fly in areas where it might be struck by lightning, because that could cause the fuel tanks to explode.

      • by tsotha ( 720379 ) on Monday August 17, 2015 @02:39AM (#50329791)
        The F-22 wasn't "killed". They just decided not to make as many as they originally intended. That happens with every big ticket military program - they always pad the numbers so they can divide out the development costs over more units to make it look cheaper than it really is.
      • by segedunum ( 883035 ) on Monday August 17, 2015 @03:34AM (#50329985)

        Actually they do. It was called the F-22. It was killed in favor of the (supposedly cheaper and as effective) F-35.

        The F-22 has all the same problems unfortunately and a totally misguided idea that stealth will solve everything. It's certainly not been used in any conflicts in Afghanistan or Iraq and to be honest they can't keep the thing maintained so that it can spend any reasonable time in the air.

        The only thing that Lockheed had was to create a myth around the F-22 and F-35 and hope that the planes never got seriously tested either in conflict or even in training. If the planes did get found out then the standard response is to say that the plane does not have all of its operational equipment and claim that the planes don't need to dogfight because the enemy will always be destroyed over a hundred miles away.

        • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

          by KGIII ( 973947 )

          Stealth technology was used quite a bit at the start of the conflict - when it should be used. Once they are unable to lob missiles at you and can field no planes then, well, stealth really does not play an important role and there are far less expensive solutions.

        • by fnj ( 64210 ) on Monday August 17, 2015 @08:55AM (#50331129)

          The F-22 has all the same problems unfortunately and a totally misguided idea that stealth will solve everything.

          Twit. Stealth is the LEAST of the advantages of the F-22. Stealth is mostly to impress stupid people in headlines.

          Speed: F-22 Mach 2.25, F-35 (A, the better one) Mach 1.6
          Thrust/weight: 1.08, 0.97
          Range: 1600 nmi, 1200 nmi
          Gun: 6000 rpm with 480 rounds, 3000 rpm with 180 rounds

          We fielded 187 F-22s for a total of $67 billion; so far we've built 115 F-35s for $320 billion[1]

          The F-35 isn't even as fast as the F-104 was in 1958, or the superb F-4 Phantom was in 1960 - and the latter was hard-pressed to keep a 1:1 kill ratio against North Vietnamese interceptors.

          But hell, air combat is all about training anyway. We learned in Vietnam when you don't teach and drill (let alone equip) for dogfighting, you embarrass yourself even with excellent airframes. Since then, notably in the Gulf War and Iraq War, we made minced meat out of enemies because our training has been completely out of the ballpark superb. The way defense has gone to pot, and with operations costs through the roof, that's not going to be sustainable.

          [1] $320 billion is the actual cost to date for development + procurement. Higher figures are inane, including "operations and sustainment" and other categories, which while they definitely matter, have nothing to do with build cost.

      • by hey! ( 33014 ) on Monday August 17, 2015 @09:36AM (#50331405) Homepage Journal

        It's apples and oranges; the F35 and F22 were built to do two different jobs. The F22 is a no-compromises air superiority fighter with very limited (initially *no*) ground attack capabilities. The F35 is supposed to be a versatile multi-role workhorse that can attack ground targets and defend itself on its way to and from those targets. The role for the F22 is to sweep the skies of enemy aircraft at the start of a conflict, after which they have limited utility; you only need so many of them.

        So you can't substitute the F22 for the F35, although if the F35 had lived up to its hype you could go the other way. The F22 could be adapted to *some* of the F35's roles, but that wouldn't save money. The F22 costs more than most WW2 aircraft carriers did, even adjusting for inflation.

        What's more the F22 simply can't be adapted for the Marine Corps's needs. They need a modern, stealthy replacement for the Harrier jump jet that can be operated from amphibious assault ships (aka "helicopter carriers") and hastily improvised forward air bases.

        Here's a crazy scenario: suppose you decide to invade Iran. You can't just sail your carrier up to the northern end of the Persian Gulf to support your drive to Tehran, the way we did on the way to Baghdad. You'd have to sail that carrier past 300 miles of Iraqi shoreline dotted with advanced anti-ship defenses in waters crawling with mini-subs. And it's a long, long way over rough terrain to get from the Gulf of Oman to Tehran in the extreme north of the country. Imagine fighting your way from New York City to Chicago, only the terrain in between was all mountains. So you land a Marine expeditionary force at the Gulf of Oman that fights its way northwest along the Persian Gulf. After they capture the shore batteries, you bring in your destroyers to clear out the mini-subs and then bring in your carriers.

        Now that expeditionary force needs close air support and ground attack capabilities, and it needs to have them in an environment where the enemy has extensive, state of the art anti-aircraft missile installations. The logic for a Marine stealth jump jet in this scenario is compelling; what's questionable is trying to make that aircraft work for everyone else.

    • by Karmashock ( 2415832 ) on Monday August 17, 2015 @03:04AM (#50329901)

      The F35 is a merely a demonstration of the fallacy that combining everything into a single platform or department reduces costs or makes things more efficient.

      Often things work better broken up with different things specializing in different things.

      A tank, that is also an artillery piece, that is also a troop carrier, that is also a scout, that is also... its going to be shitty at everything and very expensive.

      What killed the F35 was the inclusion of two very difficult features.

      Stealth and VTOL. both of these things make a plane slower, less maneuverable in dog fights, and able to carry less weaponry.

      The F35 should have been about five or six different airplanes.

      First, the value of the stealth appears to be debatable. If the F15 eagle can see the F35 and engage it then where is the stealth? The need for that feature in a work horse is debatable in and of itself.

      Second, the only people that care about VTOL are the marines and the british navy.

      So those are two separate planes. Have a stealth plane for stealth stuff. Have a VTOL workhorse for the marines and the brits. I think Boeing was pitching one as a replacement to the harrier.

      We go on from there. But the notion that you save money by having one plane is false. Look at the old Vietnam era planes. They are relatively cheap to maintain, cheap to replace if we want to do that, still very effective, and each one only suffers attrition when it is employed in what it does best. Which means the plane suffers LESS attrition than a generalized plane because a specialized plane is designed to take certain threats. A warthog is going to take more punishment than an F35 before being dropped by ground fire.

      So yeah... split the plane up. Realize what we need version of... because a lot of our old hardware is actually fine. And then do the thing we need a new version of.

      The big thing of US military doctrine is getting air superiority. We get that, its game over. Our old heavy ground support planes can come in and just pound the shit out of the ground targets with impunity. And while that's happening our armor rolls in if required... not confronting enemy armor, but largely disorganized ground troops.

      The focus should be on getting air superiority. That's where you need the high tech hardware. After that... the enemy is meat.

  • by CxDoo ( 918501 ) on Monday August 17, 2015 @01:20AM (#50329541)

    Why is dogfight a parameter in assessing 5th generation plane?
    It's like saying my car sucks because I can't use a crank to start the engine like the old cars could.

    • by 0123456 ( 636235 ) on Monday August 17, 2015 @01:25AM (#50329565)

      Hint: if there's one thing military history has shown, it's that the bad guys tend not to fight wars the way you want them to.

    • by MacTO ( 1161105 )

      No. It's like saying that your new car sucks because it's performance on highways is sub par. After all, why should we be concerned with designing cars that perform well on highways when most people live in cities?

      I'll let the military types decide what they actually need. Yet when it comes down to making comparisons, choose something that is more appropriate than cranks and horses.

    • Re: (Score:2, Insightful)

      by savuporo ( 658486 )

      Dogfighting was supposed to be a thing of the past in Vietnam skies when F-4 Phantom II showed up without a gun toting advanced tech and missiles. It got chewed up bad by Mig's

      • by tsotha ( 720379 ) on Monday August 17, 2015 @02:47AM (#50329825)

        That was fifty years ago. To put it in perspective, fifty years before the F-4 people were still using biplanes and the synchronized machine gun was the latest killer technology.

        Things have changed. There's no reason to include a gun any more - it's a waste of space and weight.

        • by Carewolf ( 581105 ) on Monday August 17, 2015 @05:47AM (#50330353) Homepage

          That was fifty years ago. To put it in perspective, fifty years before the F-4 people were still using biplanes and the synchronized machine gun was the latest killer technology.

          Things have changed. There's no reason to include a gun any more - it's a waste of space and weight.

          There is no need for knives in modern combat either, so why do we have bayonets? Because sometimes, and very often in war, things go FUBAR and you need backup weapons better suited for close combat.

    • by Jack Griffin ( 3459907 ) on Monday August 17, 2015 @02:58AM (#50329875)

      Why is dogfight a parameter in assessing 5th generation plane?

      If it carries a human it is already out-dated...

  • by mykepredko ( 40154 ) on Monday August 17, 2015 @01:24AM (#50329557) Homepage

    When reading articles about the F-35, you have to remember that the term "Fourth Generation" and "Fifth Generation" are terms that Lockheed Martin came up with to provide some marketing cachet for the F-22 and F-35.

    There is no strong definition for the term and the best description that I seen is that "Fifth Generation" fighters employ stealth and undetectable communications. This definition is used with the F-35 to indicate that it will sneak up to enemy aircraft and launch missiles before the enemy aircraft know that it is there - the F-35 doesn't have the dog fighting capabilities of the F-22 or that of other fighters.

    People seem to forget that the F-35's capabilities were first defined after the first Gulf War in which F-16s and other fighter-bombers could not detect Scud missile launchers or approach ones that were detected by other platforms before being detected and the launchers moved out of harm's way or camouflaged in such a way that they couldn't be detected. Then deciding that the basic platform could be extended to a SVTOL for the Marines and a carrier aircraft further doomed it's ability to maneuver effectively against other aircraft that were designed for air-air combat.

    Unfortunately, the US(AF) has put all its eggs into the F-35 basket. I don't see there being a lot of opportunities to order more F-16s or F-15s (with the F-22 line shut down).

    This means that in future conflicts, the US may lose the "air dominance" that has been used in war planning over the last fifty years.

  • Imagine the extra challenge for combat simulators!

  • by mentil ( 1748130 ) on Monday August 17, 2015 @01:29AM (#50329571)

    The F-35 (program) generates FAR more pork than competing fighter jets. That's the only performance that matters. This is just like the NASA projects that are legally required to be completed, then mothballed because they're already obsolete, only with a hint of 'design by committee' to help sink it.

  • by xxxJonBoyxxx ( 565205 ) on Monday August 17, 2015 @01:30AM (#50329575)

    Clearly this can only be solved by immediately investing in a multi-trillion dollar program to develop the next generation of stealthy dogfighting fighter jets.

  • Probably By Design (Score:4, Informative)

    by Anonymous Coward on Monday August 17, 2015 @01:32AM (#50329591)

    I'm not sure the Joint Strike Fighter is designed for dog fights in the first place. I think they're conceived to engage enemy aircraft beyond visible range and function more as a networked fighter platform. In a lecture on flying the F-35 [youtube.com], David Berke made the point that to be tactically successful in an F-35 he had to change his approach to combat flying versus his previous experience flying Hornets. He described the learning curve as: 1 month loving it because it was new, followed by 6 months hating it because he felt like he didn't know what he was doing anymore, followed by another 6 months during which he got the hang of the new approach.

    There's also talk [breakingdefense.com] that the F-35 could be getting a new engine [geaviation.com] in the 2020s which will improve its performance.

    • You are right, dogfighting isn't the only thing the F-35 needs to do. The Marines are very happy to be replacing the Harrier [wikipedia.org]. They only wish it weren't so expensive.

      The reason it is expensive is because of the joint procurement method used. The idea of having one plane that all branches of the military would use probably seemed like a good idea at the time, but the custom adjustments needed for each branch turned out to be more expensive than expected. The military is making adjustments to its procuremen
  • Drones (Score:5, Insightful)

    by Tablizer ( 95088 ) on Monday August 17, 2015 @01:42AM (#50329623) Journal

    The future's probably in souped-up drones anyhow. You don't have to worry about pilot safety etc. and can gamble more in a dog-fight. Manned planes will not go away, but will become a niche.

    • by johanw ( 1001493 )

      No, but you do have to worry about hackers. And hackers are much cheaper than military drones.

  • by blind biker ( 1066130 ) on Monday August 17, 2015 @01:53AM (#50329661) Journal

    The F-35 may have impressive tech, stealth, electronics and advanced missiles, but the Thunderbolt II is literally a flying tank that is able to take a lot of abuse and still keep flying. It also delivers an incredible amount of damage and its operating history is stellar. It's a great morale booster for ground troops, but the US air force wants to get rid of it.

  • That is, more than two F-35s were lost for each Su-35 shot down

    Just buy some Su's. We buy everything else from China.

  • you actually NEED a better fighter i.e. a war where you need a fighter plane. WW1 and WW2 rapidly advanced the war machines of the era because they were needed now a fighter is easily shot down by Surface to Air missiles. and are simply not needed Drones are far better fit for purpose these days but its not as cool to pilot drones. Now can someone remember the prototype plane that performed extremely well but was canned due to being so ugly http://www.aviastar.org/air/us... [aviastar.org] see if you can name it without h
  • F-35 Might Be Outperformed By Fourth-Generation Fighters

    I have no idea what generation the F-35 is considered to be, so I had no idea what the headline was trying to say. Couldn't you have just said "older"?

  • by hkultala ( 69204 ) on Monday August 17, 2015 @02:21AM (#50329739)

    So they did their thrust/weight and wing loading comparison by loading all jets with 50% of internal fuel.

    This comparison favours planes with small internal fuel tanks.

    F-35 has huge internal fuel tanks, it can fly much longer with internal fuel than most other jet fighters (which need external fuel tanks, which are NOT calculated in these numbers) to fly as far.

    Load all jets with amount of fuel that makes them fly about equally far and the numbers switch considerably, on favour of F-35.

  • by Plumpaquatsch ( 2701653 ) on Monday August 17, 2015 @04:28AM (#50330151) Journal
    US air doctrine for quite some time has been to avoid dog fights - period. First shoot down the dangerous enemies with long range AAM, then the rest with short range AAM before they get a single shot at you. Heck, already between the mentioned 4th generation fighters, the US planes always lost against other planes, Russian or European, in dog fights - this is nothing new for the F-35.

    Last but not least: http://breakingdefense.com/201... [breakingdefense.com]

    "“a guy with maybe 100 hours in the F-35 versus a guy with 1,500+ Viper hours? I’ve seen thousand-hour F-16 guys in two-bag D-models beat up on brand new wingmen in clean, single-seat jets. It happens. It’s the reality of the amount of experience in your given cockpit.

    “Let’s see how it [the F-35] does when guys who are proficient in developed tactics do [sic] against guys with similar amounts experience–the realm of the bros in the operational test or Weapons School environment.”

  • by EmagGeek ( 574360 ) on Monday August 17, 2015 @06:35AM (#50330491) Journal

    F-35 is not meant to be a mission-specific airplane. It's meant to do many different things, and do each one of them very poorly in the name of saving cost.

    Oh wait... it doesn't save cost either. In fact it is orders of magnitude more expensive than 4th gen fighters. But, look at the bright said, at least it's an economic boon for certain well-connected congressional districts.

  • by Thagg ( 9904 ) <thadbeier@gmail.com> on Monday August 17, 2015 @08:34AM (#50330993) Journal

    Northrop built the F-20 back in the late 70's. It had better dogfighting performance than the F-16, and was cheaper and simpler. To some extent, it's dogfighting performance was too good; of the three that were built two were lost due to the pilots losing consciousness during high-G maneuvers.

    They built it because the US government had said that they wouldn't sell F-16's to the rest of the world, as it was too good. Unfortunately for Northrop, they changed their mind -- and as the F-16 was so well known it won out.

    The remaining F-20 is hanging in the California Science Center in LA, it's a beautiful plane.

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