FCC: VoIP Providers Must Provide 911 Services 496
acadiel writes "The Houston Chronicle is reporting that the FCC will require VoIP providers to provide 911 location services. This will mean extra $$$ that the VoIP providers will have to put out, which ultimately means extra $$$ that the consumer will have to put out. This is the first step in regulating an industry that should have been left alone..." I hope network end-points and physical location aren't going to be too tightly linked; one of the appeals of VoIP is using it from anywhere that has an adequate Internet connection.
Overseas? (Score:4, Insightful)
Re:Overseas? (Score:3, Insightful)
Also, the FCC gave a result they want, they have not yet mandated any particular solution. If US providers are being used for any portion of the communication they are potentially subject to FCC regulation.
Re:Overseas? (Score:4, Insightful)
Re:Overseas? (Score:5, Insightful)
Re:Overseas? (Score:5, Insightful)
If you want to be a telephone system, you have to meet telephone system standards.
If all you want to do is stream audio between your PC and your girlfriends' over your broadband connections, I don't think even the FCC is dumb enough to try to stop you.
Re:Overseas? (Score:4, Insightful)
The end user might not care, but that end user will seriously cause problems for their friends and family. It means to call a VoIP-to-phone user from a normal PTSN phone would be an international call to wherever the PTSN-to-VoIP transfer happens. If that transfer happens in the USA, then the VoIP company is a phone service provider and they'll have to comply with FCC rules.
Re:Overseas? (Score:3, Interesting)
Re:Overseas? (Score:4, Informative)
ja, d00d, joo r right. d0wn wit da 35tabl1shm3nt!!!
I can totally see why they shouldnt force people to have something like 911 service. Heaven forbid you be able to get emergency service! Moron.
BTW, I use Vonage, and they already provide 911 service- you just need to give them the area the service is physically tied to so they will know where to route the call.
It does not, however, tie directly into the existing 'official' 911 service (from what I read on their "911 ToS"); I think its a call center which can pass it on or something.
Re:Overseas? (Score:3, Insightful)
Re:Overseas? (Score:5, Insightful)
We were looking just last week at evaluating VoIP solutions for some of our clients. It never even crossed my mind to ask if you could or couldn't make a 911 call from them.
So what happens when joe slightlybetterthanaverage hears about these voip phones that are all the rage and that means he can replace his phone line completely and just go with the cablemodem? He can call his neighbor, he can call his mom, he can call in sick to work, but if his daugher falls down the stairs, he can't call 911? I bet he'd want 911 service, but given that he can call anyone else, why would he even think to ask?
It seems to me that if you can dial the number "911" on the device (ie, something somewhere connects you to the POTS), it should connect you to some number that can appropriately handle an emergency, since this is a major expectation that most Americans will have from their phone.
Re:Overseas? (Score:5, Insightful)
Re:Overseas? (Score:5, Insightful)
Really... why is this under "your rights online"? Isn't it my right, by FCC rules, that when I pick up the phone I can get emergency service? It shouldn't matter if that's online or not.
We all pay for emergency services whether we like it or not at the time. We do it mostly with our taxes (which pay for the police and fire coverage to begin with), and you don't get to opt out of those just because you don't want to pay them. Part of it's the concept of the "greater good", but it's also for your own good as well - you may get all hot and bothered about being forced to pay for 911 service now, but that day you wake up to find your house burning down or a burglar downstairs you'll be happy it's there.
Obviously what the government does not want to happen is for some family of five somewhere to die by smoke inhalation because they didn't know the phone number of their fire department. This happened pretty often before 911 was a standard, and it would happen pretty often again if VoIP took off without 911 service mandated. There would eventually be a public outcry and you'd all be forced to pay for 911 service eventually anyway - the difference being that doing it upfront means nobody has to die before it's forced upon you. I think that's fair, quite honestly.
But how many people use VOIP as their only phone? (Score:3, Insightful)
One reason people may be opposed to it is that I would guess few people at this point use VOIP as their only phone service. For example, I currently have a packet8 account that I use for long distance calls, but I also have a cell. If I'm already paying for GPS on my cell so people can reach me, why should I pay twice so I can call from my VOIP phone? At this stage people who sign up for VOIP are mostly early adopter techies who are aware of the 911 issue.
The other thing that makes it more difficult is
Re:Overseas? (Score:5, Informative)
Vonage 911 dialing is supposed to-- the keyword here is supposed to-- connect you to the same PSAP (Public Safety Answer Point) that you would be connected to if you dialed 911 from a landline.
In a normal 911 call from a landline, the call goes from the telco switch to the PSAP via a dedicated trunk that carries only 911 traffic. A data channel (ISDN) is provided that sends ANI/ALI information from the phone company, which uses various databases provided by Intrado and others to match up your phone number with your current address.
Dialing 911 from a Vonage connection, however, is equivalent to dialing the PSAP's 10-digit number. The call does not go through the 911 trunk, and no location information is sent other than standard Caller ID information. Depending on configuration of the PSAP, this line may also take non-emergency calls and your call may be answered with less priority than a normal 911 call. This 10-digit number is also the number used by alarm companies to report alarms to the police.
In the past, serious problems have been reported with the Vonage 911 service. One man tried to call "911" and got an insurance company instead. I highly recommend that you test Vonage's emergency dialing feature. Do not simply test it out, however. You will want to notify your local police department that you want to do this.
In case you didn't know, DSLReports.com maintains an active forum [dslreports.com] on VoIP providers. Official reps from Vonage frequent the site.
Re:Overseas? (Score:5, Informative)
If you go the the door after a 'no voice' 911 call and try to convince them that all is OK without a reasonable explanation of why the call took place, they do have the right to break down the door and make sure you're not holding somebody against their will (That question went to the Supreme Court of Canada).
Of course, this doesn't work if the police don't know where in the world, the call came from. That's why the FCC wants some sort of locator service so that if they get a 911 call on VOIP, they can still send emergency services to the site.
If they want to play with the US phone system (Score:2)
Now nothing would stop a company from existing only in Europe and Asia, for example, and then doing as they pleased. But that would mean to get calls to the US they'd need to use the PSTN, which negates
Cell phone (Score:5, Insightful)
Re:Cell phone (Score:2, Insightful)
Re:Cell phone (Score:3, Insightful)
If you are paying by credit card in the USA, the provider can require that you provide an accurate address or your credit card transaction will be declined. The credit card processors offer AVS (Address Verification System) to do this. You could fake the street name I suppose, but the street number and zipcode w
Re:Cell phone (Score:3, Informative)
Consider Triangulation (Score:2)
In an emergency situation, you may not be able to give your location and they may not be able to easily locate you based on your IP address. OTOH, VOIP via laptop will require the person to be near some sort of access point, meaning a land line or cell phone should be av
Re:Cell phone (Score:4, Informative)
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/3485141.stm [bbc.co.uk]
"With effect from July 2003, both fixed and mobile networks operators have been required to provide caller location information to emergency services responding to 999 calls under the EC Directive 2002/22/EC."
Re:Cell phone (Score:3)
Right city? Not. (Score:3, Informative)
I think the initial notion was that mobile phones are used most often in cars (and they were) and for auto issues where the CHP has direct jurisdiction.
They will route you to the right people, but when you're dealing with an emergency, minutes can be critical.
I learned this joy calling in a fire in a adrenalin-fueled rush ("Marge, what's the
Vonage has 911 service already (Score:5, Informative)
Are there other VoIP service providers that don't?
Re:Vonage has 911 service already (Score:5, Informative)
1. Not all providers do this.
2. The providers that do it often get it wrong.
3. You often don't know they got it wrong until you need it because there's no way for you to "verify" that it works.
4. Not all PSAPs are created equal -- in some areas, you get to a 911 call center, in others it gets you somewhere else that isn't exactly a 911 call center.
Personally, I think it should be up to the provider if they want to provide 911 or not. They shouldn't be allowed to say they provide 911 service unless it is done right
-- PhoneBoy
Comment removed (Score:5, Funny)
Re:Vonage has 911 service already (Score:5, Insightful)
Hello, 911. What is the nature of your emergency?
A fire, I see. What are you willing to pay us to respond? <pause > I see. I'm sorry, that's not enough. We have another situation with richer folks that you and they pay us FAR more than that. I'm sorry. Perhaps you can use a bucket.
Because government should be run like business - Profitably and only for those willing to pay.
eat the poor.
Re:Vonage has 911 service already (Score:3, Interesting)
He did say capitalist in the first part of his statement, but then he mentioned free market, and the two are not synonyms.
Chris
Re:Vonage has 911 service already (Score:3, Insightful)
And in more, shall we say, "entrepeneurial" towns, the unsubscribed would receive occasional visits by firefighters who would wander around the outside of the residence saying things like "Beautiful home...but a fire trap. One little spark and the whole thing would go up. It would be a real shame if this house burned down. Would everyone be able to get out if the house caught fire?"
Re:Vonage has 911 service already (Score:3, Informative)
Re:Vonage has 911 service already (Score:5, Interesting)
Sorry. That's not 911, and it's far away from e911. Phone companies is required to provide the true e911. That means when you hit 911, you get connected immediately to the right call center servicing your area that has the capability to dispatch police, fire, and medical resources and your location data is automatically sent to that center as well.
911 call centers cannot be reached by mapping to any 10-digit number. There is no 10-digit number for them, they are simply known as 911 on the network within the region they serve. Vonage's immitation 911 depends on mapping 911 to a 10-digit number, so it can't find the call center and has to hope the police can help them. If you call a police department to report a fire, you will lose when-seconds-count time being bounced around while things burn.
If Vonage wants to compete with the phone companies, they have to have the same regulatory burdens that the FCC slaps on phone companies. It's only fair. If it means Vonage has to limit portability and/or raise prices to
No ten-digit number?? (Score:5, Interesting)
See, this is the problem. It is absolutely stupid for there not to be an alternate unique 10-digit number for each public safety call center. It would be very useful for so many reasons:
Users of Voice over IP, as well as cellphones, could program the relevant emergency numbers into their speed-dial, so that pressing the "Emergency" or "Fire" button on their phones, or another designated speed-dial marked on the phone, would put them in contact with the proper locality's authorities.
More reasons:
- Your elderly parent lives two hours away. You're made aware that there's something wrong. Instead of calling your city's 911 and explaining that the problem isn't at your house but rather in such-and-such town, you have the number for her town's 911 by your phone in case of just such an emergency, getting help to her house faster.
- Your cellphone may be your primary phone. Instead of always having to call the CHP 911, you can call your local town 911 if you're at home. Also more likely to be faster.
- Obviously, it would make the job of the VOIP providers ten times easier--just maintain a database of these emergency centers, and map the "911" mnemonic to the one closest to the location on file for the user. And perhaps there could be an alternate number to call if you want to reach 911 for a different locale--for example, 415-240 is an exchange in San Francisco (Central), so if you were in SF with an IP phone registered in New York, dialing, say, *911 415-240 would lookup the most appropriate call center in San Francisco. Obviously, you would have to ask someone their phone number to do this, but it shouldn't be a huge problem--most vacationers likely have access to a "real" phone. That feature should just be there in case you need it, and if you're going to be somewhere without a land-line for a long time, you should update your location.
I think the benefits of doing this are enough that it should be done. How much effort could it possibly take to assign each one a real phone number?
Re:No ten-digit number?? (Score:5, Informative)
A Google like database of PSAP numbers that is kept up to date might be a government database project that we could support. Such a database would be useful for citizens and corporations. Even without GIS information, you could at least get close enough based on city/county information to get an emergency response.
Re:Vonage has 911 service already (Score:3, Interesting)
Vonage relies on their customers to provide the plumbing. Regulating them in the same way as a traditional phone company that owns the plumbing does not make sense.
So, again, regulating them for 911 service? Yes. Regulating them identically to the traditional phone companies? NO.
All phone services should have 911 access! (Score:5, Interesting)
Re:All phone services should have 911 access! (Score:5, Insightful)
You have 15 seconds. Tell me the non-911 way to report an emergency to the fire department where you are presently located.
See, the point of 911 is to have a dedicated emergency number that connects you to a trained dispatcher with the power to dispatch police, fire, and emergency medical services that is the same from coast to coast. As a result, most police and fire departments have ended their efforts to promote their local-access numbers because schoolchildren just need to learn what 911 is. The emergency numbers are no longer on a sticker on your phone, no longer on a magnet on your fridge, and no longer on the inside cover of your phone book. The inside cover now just tells you to call 911.
If consumers want it, they can pay for it- if not, they shouldn't have to.
Sorry, that's not how we do emergency services in this country. You don't get to opt out of emergency services to save a few pennies because you never know when you or somebody around you will need it. Any phone that's connected to the network, even one that has no paid-for service, has the ability to reach 911 at all times.
Re:All phone services should have 911 access! (Score:3, Insightful)
Yes. And even if you were willing to accept the risk, there are other people in your house at times--workers, or babysitters, the PG&E guy, that may, in an emergency, need to use your phone to dial 911.
Re:All phone services should have 911 access! (Score:2)
In my town, the police 7-digit number (867-6000) is to the station. However, late at night, when there's only one cop in town (small town of 4,500 over 20 square miles; this being Massachusetts, there's no county cops [the Sheriff's departments exist strictly for patronage and providing the courts with cops]), calling that number will connect you with an answering machine.
Re:All phone services should have 911 access! (Score:2)
not a big fan of regulation (Score:5, Insightful)
Re:not a big fan of regulation (Score:2)
Are the mandates for VoIP somehow different from regular land-line service? Given a home that had phone service, but is now "disconnected"
Re:not a big fan of regulation (Score:5, Informative)
This may not be true in all areas, but I know it is true in some cases. For instance, I just bought a house. The previous owner disconnected their service, and I never signed up for my own service. Still, if you plug a phone into the wall, you'll get a dial tone. If you try to dial out, you'll get that bi-tonal error dealie. Mind you, I didn't actually try dialing 911 as "just testing" probably wouldn't qualify as a plausible excuse.
In order to hook Vonage VoIP into my regular phone lines, I had to physically disconnect the external lines from Verizon, in order to ensure that there was no voltage running through the phone lines in the house.
Trust me, you get a dial tone.
Re:not a big fan of regulation (Score:2)
However, I doubt the phone company is obligated to do this. If they need my pair or line card for another subscriber, they will probably reuse it and that dial tone and 911 dialing ability will go away.
Of course, the procedures probably differ from company to company. I use Bellsouth here.
Re:not a big fan of regulation (Score:3, Interesting)
Per the Massachusetts General Laws:
MGL Chapter 166, Section 14A, Subsection E
Re:not a big fan of regulation (Score:2)
Emergency services don't work like that (Score:4, Insightful)
A true majority-rule democracy would do just that. Everyone would have a direct vote on anything important and whatever the public said, would go. That's not how it works. We are a federal republic that is very democratic. People have a strong say in the government, and direct vote on many things, but their word is not final and they don't get to control everything directly.
This article is just wrong (Score:5, Insightful)
Re:This article is just wrong (Score:2)
I don't think anyone would actually prefer to block the ability to dial 911.
M
Re:This article is just wrong (Score:3, Insightful)
911 service is simply a phone call to 911. The question is whether or not the authorities can physically locate the phone being used to dial 911.
911 isn't very useful in true emergency situations if your location can't even be traced. If you're being burglared (sp?), you don't have time to tell them your address. You call 911, say, "There's a burglar in my home, HELP!", and run and hide. You don't wanna be caught by the burglar on the phone trying to give them directions to your house.
Re:This article is just wrong (Score:5, Insightful)
Re:This article is just wrong (Score:3, Insightful)
M
Re:This article is just wrong (Score:2)
Yup. There was a case late last year where the passengers of a pleasure boat in trouble called 911 via their cell phones, and the police responded miles away... To the home adress of the owner of the cell phone since that was the default location the cellular system gave the E911 system. All onboard died.
A c
Vonage already provides 911 service (Score:5, Interesting)
Vonage [vonage.com] added this a while back, more info here [vonage.com] and oddly enough, my bill went down after they implemented it.
911 is kinda important (Score:5, Insightful)
C
Re:911 is kinda important (Score:3, Interesting)
Just think of the issues that would be raised after a major emergency that could not be reported "I tried to call 911 but I couldn't connect..." That's when things would really start to hit the fan.
They can see a situation like this coming and they're trying to nip it at the bud.
Go for it (Score:5, Interesting)
Needs to be done (Score:5, Insightful)
People expect - and reasonably so - that they can pick up any phone in the country, dial 911, and get an emergency operator.
And how long is it going to be before people start installing VoIP payphones, if they haven't already? What about pre-wired apartment complexes offering cheap phone service?
Use of VoIP isn't limited to geeks with a dedicated and separate VoIP setup anymore.
911 LOCATION, not just 911 and how will they know (Score:3, Interesting)
Whatever... (Score:5, Insightful)
Um...this is 911 we're talking about here. I pay 25 cents on my phone bill for 911 service. God forbid, I ever have to use 911 - but I'm thankful it is there. Good for the FCC.
911 (Score:3, Insightful)
Re:911 (Score:5, Informative)
Having had a heart attack when I was at home alone, I'm not sure I'd be alive today were it not for 911.
So there's no way I'm going to rely on VOIP without 911 service.
And given the additional possibility of broadband outages, I'm going to take the safer road, and just keep my traditional landline.
(Oh, by the way, if you're calling 911 about your own ill-health, try to make this clear to the 911 operator up-front. After being asked "is this a police or fire emergency", and being transferred (!), I got an operator who, after my initial description of my problem -- something along the lines of "I'm very short of breath and I think I'm having a heart attack" -- asked, "does the subject have a history of asthma?" I had to explain -- while struggling to breath through the crushing pain in my chest -- that, first the "subject" was me, and second, I didn't have a lot of breath or strength to devote to chatting about possible diagnoses, could they please just send an ambulance now? (I knew had to conserve my strength for my upcoming crawl to the door.))
Not in favor of regulation. (Score:2)
Don't Complain (Score:2)
Why Regulate? (Score:4, Insightful)
I think it should be left alone, people can make their own decisions. If they choose a VoIP provider without 911 then it's their problem (or perhaps they use it as a second line and have 911 on their POTS).
it's 911 for thor's sake (Score:5, Funny)
Just go move to your shack in Montana and let the rest of us have a functioning community.
Re:it's 911 for thor's sake (Score:2)
Hey! (Score:2, Funny)
(damn code filter!)
VOIP is just a technology... (Score:3, Interesting)
I think what they mean is that if a VOIP system is connected to the publicly switched telephone network they must give access to local 911...
Here in canada rogers cable is offering telephone lines using VOIP on their cable system. I sure hope they offer access to the local 911...
This needs to be regulated! (Score:5, Insightful)
The stressful nature of emergencies makes it hard to think and people have it drilled into them to dial 911 in an emergency. If 911 doesn't work, the situation could get much worse.
Just imagine dialing 911 because someone's bleeding out on the floor and getting an advertisement asking you if you'd like to buy this number.
Re:This needs to be regulated! (Score:2)
And just imagine the lawsuit afterwards. This protects the phone company as much as the user.
Why not just make this like a cell phone (Score:2)
Mandatory and automatic (Score:2, Interesting)
Reliability issues??? (Score:5, Insightful)
If a VoIP provider doesn't have to offer 911 and it doesn't offer it then I hope it is immune from lawsuits regarding 911. People will also hopefully keep some other means of calling 911 then. However, if a VoIP provider offers 911 people might use that as their only means of calling for help in an emergency and if it doesn't work someone may die, there may be huge lawsuits, etc. I'm sure this will happen soon enough.
decreasing differentiation (Score:3, Interesting)
Ultimately, by reducing the differentiation of these services, the decision is less damaging to either IP Phone providers or the Telcos than it is to the consumer - who used to be able to make a choice, less $ or better 911, but in the future will not be able to.
Sorry Charlie! The whole market just got that much less free, and that much less interesting.
-renard
The Old Days (Score:2)
they actually kept the phone numbers of the local police, fire, and medical services next to their phone.
I dont see why we cant ask people who choose not to use regular phone lines to be a little bit responsible for themselves
remember when... (Score:3, Insightful)
there were those little modem viruses that would continually dial 911?
How long till we see a worm that floods 911 using VoIP from all infected hosts?
911 location even possible? (Score:2)
Is it even possible to do reliable location service on VoIP? It's kind of like cel: unless you have GPS built into the end-point device itself, there's simply no reliable way to determine where the end-point device is currently located. Even if you know it's IP address, there's no mapping between IP and geographic location.
This should be a requirement for phones, not VoIP (Score:2)
The right way to set things up is to have the physical
What? (Score:3, Interesting)
Consider that every telephone in the nation on the traditional network - even ones shut off for nonpayment! - must respond to 911. So, you're in a horror movie, out in the forest, being chased by a murderer, and the writer thinks it'd be cute to send you into a shack after a phone, only to have it be disconnected, so that your perfectly reasonable civilized response is useless.
In the real world, that doesn't happen. If the phone company shuts off your line, they must still respond to calls to the operator, to 911, and to repair (and they usually also respond to calls to the business office for obvious reasons.) This is a rational behavior and the law requires it as a safety measure.
I think it's quite the appropriate thing to require this of VoIP providers, just as they required it of cell phone providers. Save your battle cries and sabre-rattling for when they do bad things. Go yell at SCO or something.
If users want anywhere,anytime VOIP... (Score:2)
regulation is a necessary good (Score:2, Interesting)
Companies make money by pushing the envelope. They take calculated gambles on what they produce. This is a good thing: nothing ventured, nothing gained -- especially when you are using and developing techniques and technologies that have never been seen before. We have
Voice Over Internet Protocol? (Score:3, Interesting)
What if I am using my computer to talk to another person on their computer, and we don't connect to the POTS lines at all... are we using VOIP and therefore required to have 911 access?
Does it depend on whether we are paying a third party to facilitate our calls?
I RTFAed, but it doesn't explain what the rule covers.
Terrorism - George Bush's best friend (Score:3, Insightful)
As a European its funny to see how American's totally believe the rubbish that they are all in imminent danger of a terrorist attack after having one incident almost 3 years ago.
The amount of deaths due to this incident were totally insignificant compared to say American gun-deaths that have occured since, yet while gun laws remain unchanged, every area of American has undergone change to take into account a threat which has so far actually affected 0.000018% of Americans.
Re:God damned government (Score:3, Insightful)
"Planes, Trains, and Automobiles"?
Re:God damned government (Score:2, Funny)
Re:God damned government (Score:2)
Re:How truly screwed up is this ? (Score:5, Informative)
Re:How truly screwed up is this ? (Score:5, Informative)
Rogers cable here in canada are offering a regular phone that runs over VOIP on their cable system. Soon here in canada we won't have to depend on the telco for land line telephone.
Obviously, you miss the point (Score:3, Informative)
My understanding is that such phone sets are starting to come onto the market. And when your bleeding, your not likely to look at the wires attached to the phone when you call for help.
Calling 911 is one of those things that should just simply work. There is nothing unreasonable about this.
END COMMUNICATION
Re:How truly screwed up is this ? (Score:3, Informative)
Hold on Im getting mugged/raped/murdered OH but first let me log on to my computer to dial 911
WTF ?
VoIP is more-or-less a regular telephone, with the service part coming over your Internet connection, as opposed to your old copper wire phone lines.
The phones plug into their router, but otherwise acts like any other telephone does. You don't actually need a computer to use the phone, all you need is a live Interne
Re:How truly screwed up is this ? (Score:2, Funny)
What would happen when your broadband ISP cuts you off because you have exceeded their daily/weekly/monthly download limits?
Re:How truly screwed up is this ? (Score:3, Insightful)
Re:How truly screwed up is this ? (Score:2)
WTF ?
With a proper set up you won't have to log into your computer.
Your VoIP phone looks like a normal phone which happens to be plugged into your router rather than a PSTN phone jack.
This fact should be transparent to the enduser.
With a proper implementation, I should be able to rip out the PSTN phones in my house and replace them with VoIP phones that connect to my router, and no-one else in the household shoul
Re:How truly screwed up is this ? (Score:2, Insightful)
Think less like "headphones and microphone at a pc" and more like "normal-looking phone on a desk" [typepad.com].
If and when these become commonplace in the home, you're going to expect it to work in a similar fashion to how your current phone works. Particularly, when you dial 911, you'd like the call routed to a local, nearby 911 service dispatcher, so they can get help to you quickly.
Re:Another Fsking Snout in the Trough (Score:4, Funny)
Re:Another Fsking Snout in the Trough (Score:2)
Re:Where does it end... (Score:5, Insightful)
Re:Where does it end... (Score:2)
You're making a pointless argument. I'm not required to install a sprinkler system in my house either. Why not?
If 911 locating service was a relatively easy thing to mandate, then it would make sense. The reality is that with the internet as we know it, tracing any IP activity to the source may or may not be possible in a reasonable amount of time.
I think the government doesn't understand the problem or has something el
Subscribing to police and fire services (Score:3, Insightful)
I'm all for less government control and red tape, but emergency services is one of tho