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Aussies Face Jail Over MP3s 345

An anonymous reader writes "Two Australian students have been charged over music piracy offences, according to this story on Australian IT. It's short on details, but presumably they weren't running a P2P network. The maximum penalties for breaching copyright under Australian law is 5 years jail."
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Aussies Face Jail Over MP3s

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  • by NicotineAtNight ( 668197 ) on Thursday April 24, 2003 @02:12AM (#5797067)

    But people have to produce the songs that you're listening to for free.

    Now I know that you might think that the companies involved are scummy or evil, but remember - if we didn't have the legal frameworks in place that we do, then the evil companies would do a lot more than overcharge you.

    You'd be their slaves.

    • But people have to produce the songs that you're listening to for free.

      I find it amusing that people assume that there would be no more new music if people weren't getting millions of dollars for making it. I'm not sure if this is what you're assuming, but I'll use this time to rant anyways.

      Music was around a long time before record labels. Moreover, when music is driven by the dollars that it brings in, it tends to suck. I would have absolutely no problem with the record industry coming crashing to ea

      • Music was around a long time before record labels. Moreover, when music is driven by the dollars that it brings in, it tends to suck. I would have absolutely no problem with the record industry coming crashing to earth and half of the crappy musicians in the industry having to get real jobs because they can no longer live off the royalties.

        Music has historically been tied to money and sponsorship. Today it's the record labels, yesterday they were court musicians, royal composers, or were tied to the ch
        • but there is a difference between being a multimillionar and makeing a living! musicians alwasys made a living. but they werent always some the richest people in society! thats the problem i have with the industry as its set up now. things have been scewed out of proportion.
    • Now I know that you might think that the companies involved are scummy or evil, but remember - if we didn't have the legal frameworks in place that we do, then the evil companies would do a lot more than overcharge you.

      You'd be their slaves.


      I am wondering when they are going to arrest and jail the illegal, anti-competitive, price-fixing, anti-privacy, anti-any-rights, monopolistic, control-freak, entertainment industry cartel member corporations and give all of them 5 years jailtime; so that they can't d
    • In case you haven't noticed, you missed two relevant points:

      (1) laws like these apply only to the powerless. This is why two college students were chosen, rather than some upper management PHB (many of whom are some of the worst offenders, from my anecdotal observations).

      (2) In America whoever has the money makes the laws and decides how they're applied. Shitting all over the Constitution is perfectly acceptable if you're rich enough to push for such legislation.

      In effect, we *are* their slaves. They
  • by NewtonsLaw ( 409638 ) on Thursday April 24, 2003 @02:13AM (#5797070)
    Perhaps I'm missing something here but how does this differ from a story with the headline:

    Liquor Store Robbers Face Possible Jail Term

    If these guys did actually break the law, and if the maximum penalty is jail, then this is no different to thousands of other cases before the courts -- except perhaps that the law involves the protection of intellectual property.

    Move along people, there's nothing to see here.
    • by pantropik ( 604178 ) on Thursday April 24, 2003 @02:44AM (#5797180)
      I guess I'll play devil's advocate ...

      Consider the following two items:

      1) I am not a customer of the music industry. Even if I'd never heard of an mp3 I would not buy music. Period.

      2) Stealing, by definition, means taking something from another without permission. The core idea is that by taking this item, you deprive the rightful owner of the item of its use and value.

      Now, assuming point one is true -- that I'd never buy music -- then my downloading mp3s is taking nothing from anyone. In that case I'm not downloading music INSTEAD of buying it, I'm downloading it just because it's there. If it wasn't there and "free" I'd just do without.

      So we get to point two. Let's say I come to your house and you have your dead mother's Harvard degree hanging on the wall. I take it. You'd be justifiably angry. But what if I just took a picture of it? Then we both have a copy. What if I stole your car? That'd suck. What if I somehow duplicated it without inconveniencing you in any way? I doubt you'd care unless you're just a big meanie.

      It's not as if I download an mp3 and it's MINE MINE MINE and only mine ... no one has been deprived of anything if I never intended to buy the CD anyway.

      My roommate downloads songs all the time. Then he buys the CD if he likes the music and there's not too much crappy filler material ... who wants to pay $17 for 3 good songs and an hour of crap you'll never listen to? Not every good song becomes a single, after all. Maybe the industry should look into letting people download legal tracks and make their own CDs without filler crap that they'll never listen to and don't want to pay for ... and make the price reasonable. Sounded good up until that last part, huh?

      And what if he buys a CD and HATES it? Can't take it back after it's been opened, that's a no-no. So he downloads the stuff, listens, and decides based on that whether to get the CD (he was way over a hundred, compared to my zero -- I'm just not a music person).

      I bet there are a lot more people like him (and like me) than there are people who "steal" just for the fun of it. The music industry MAKES money because he "steals" music. If the music industry would get with the times and stop waging war against its customers ... well, I doubt it would stop piracy, but it certainly couldn't hurt.
      • I am not a customer of the music industry. Even if I'd never heard of an mp3 I would not buy music. Period. [....] Now, assuming point one is true -- that I'd never buy music -- then my downloading mp3s is taking nothing from anyone

        That's BS. By *listening* to these records, no matter how you obtain them, you are a customer of the record industry. Regardless of whether or not you would have bought them, you have had the use out of the item *without* paying. If you want use of something, even if it's

        • by Sunnan ( 466558 ) <sunnan@handgranat.org> on Thursday April 24, 2003 @06:27AM (#5797741) Homepage Journal
          By
          listening to these records, no matter how you obtain them, you are a customer of the record industry.


          That would be a very scary world. I walk into a café and they have the latest pop song on - I'm all of a sudden a "customer" of the record industry, owing them something. When I read that taxi drivers in Finland need to pay royalties for the music their clients hear in the car, it scares me.

          How long do the tentacles of ownership stretch?

          The very principle of intellectual property is insidious in and of itself, since it's dealing with a lot more abstract concepts. We don't generally allow people to claim ownership of air, right? And the air isn't even copyable.

          Information and knowledge, especially in digital form, can be copied at next to no cost. Having an economic system that negates, practically forbids, that very real advantage should be looked upon with great caution.

          It's odd that people don't find these discussions more tiring. Every time a news story like this is posted, we don't get reactions to the story itself, rather people (of both positions in the question) start to discuss the validity of, or necessity for, a strong concept of intellectual property.

          I think it's pretty scary that mere samizdat is yet again punished by deprivation of physical freedom - this time in a so-called "free country". The information - in this case music - does not appear to be something that's destructive or harmful, and reproduction of it has plenty of positive effects for most people, the only exception possibly being the record industry itself.

          • That would be a very scary world. I walk into a café and they have the latest pop song on - I'm all of a sudden a "customer" of the record industry, owing them something. When I read that taxi drivers in Finland need to pay royalties for the music their clients hear in the car, it scares me.

            In the US, you are indeed a "customer", and you have been for a long time. That cafe, in order to have the radio playing where customers can hear it, is supposed to pay an ASCAP fee. If they don't pay up, they ge

        • By *listening* to these records, no matter how you obtain them, you are a customer of the record industry.

          By reading this comment, no matter how you came across it, you just became a customer of my company, Original Thoughts Inc.

          Pay up, asshole. It's as simple as that.

          In fact, in this situation these laws should be more rigourously enforced. The Legal process is the only way these companies have to protect their intellectual property.

          There is no Constitutional guarrantee asserting ownership over 'i
      • "The core idea is that by taking this item, you deprive the rightful owner of the item of its use and value. Now, assuming point one is true -- that I'd never buy music -- then my downloading mp3s is taking nothing from anyone."

        You're still partially depriving them of the use and value of the copyright itself. In exchange for producing a creative work, the government awards the creator a time-limited (in theory), exclusive right to control the distribution of that work and derivative works. That govern

    • by RajivSLK ( 398494 ) on Thursday April 24, 2003 @02:49AM (#5797188)
      Perhaps I'm missing something here but how does this differ from a story with the headline:

      Liquor Store Robbers Face Possible Jail Term


      Yes you are missing something.

      It is common place for robbers to be sent to jail. However, this is new. Australian teens facing jail for mp3s related crimes is ground breaking.

      Your missing something else. You fail to take into account the spirit of the law. In most countries, when a law is applied, not only is the letter of the law considered but the spirit as well. Was it this law's intention to target and prosecute small infractions (such as teens trading mp3s or people recording radio shows and sharing them with friends)?

      Additionally, there is the matter of public policy. In many cases public policy out weighs the techinical implications of the law. Generally it is against public policy to enforce a law that would deem a large percentage of the population criminals.

      You must realise that the law is not a set of rules that can be executed like a computer program. The law is open to interpertation by reasonable minds. Simply applied to the letter, the law (in any country), would land most of us in jail.
    • by QuantumG ( 50515 ) <qg@biodome.org> on Thursday April 24, 2003 @03:43AM (#5797325) Homepage Journal
      Imagine if the headline read "Aussies Face Jail Over Slander". It really is a scary prospect! Slander is a civil matter and cannot result in criminal action being taken against the defendant. Copyright infringement is also a civil matter, but recent changes in law have criminalised certain acts which facilitate copyright infringement (such as the creation of circumvention devices) and it is probably this that the three in question have been charged with. This is "news" in that it is unprecidented for someone to face jail time for simple copyright infringement in Australia, but its probably just bad reporting.
    • I can't remember the last time I heard of someone getting a gun stuck in his face for his mp3s. Great! Now the **AA has people so brainwashed that downloading a tune off Kazaa is tantamount to armed robbery. Sheesh!
  • What's the news? (Score:2, Interesting)

    by GammaTau ( 636807 )

    What's the idea in this news item? That people can get jail time for breaking a law? As long as unauthorized distribution of copyrighted material over internet is illegal, this is a direct consequence. No news, really.

    The important issues are when new laws are passed or when business wants to stretch the limits of existing laws. However I see nothing in the article that would suggest either.

    • It's news because these are students, and the readership of slashdot feels more connected to them.
    • I suppose-- like more such articles-- the issue raised by this Slashdot's submission is that simple music piracy can trigger such severe legal action. I'm not saying music piracy is okay, but it certainly does not need five years in jail. I break laws every day. I ride my bicycle through a red light. I jay-walk. I cross the speed limit. So what? I use my brain and have my restraint. Screw the authorities. I can think for myself. I have morals that will not rob others off their rights too much. That's more

    • As long as unauthorized distribution of copyrighted material over internet is illegal, this is a direct consequence. No news, really.

      Well that's the point. Here in Australia it is not illegal, but as we have no idea what laws these three are being charged under we can't make an informed protest.

  • by joeflies ( 529536 ) on Thursday April 24, 2003 @02:16AM (#5797078)
    After a quick browse of that article, it looks like the penalty is a fixed number instead of charging per incident. In which case, wouldn't it be overprosecuting small time users with a liberal sense of copyright law, and underprosecuting the real pirates (i.e. manufacturing and distributing copyrighted material)?



    Of course, it's not clear what side of the fence the accused stand on.

  • Maximum penalties (Score:3, Insightful)

    by Beryllium Sphere(tm) ( 193358 ) on Thursday April 24, 2003 @02:17AM (#5797086) Journal
    The five-year sentence, I would hope, is for people running large-scale commercial knockoff operations.

    The interesting question is whether they did anything to attract attention, or whether someone's just trying to find someone to make an example out of.
    • Police said the alleged piracy concerned music, album covers and music videos from ...[big names] .. and Festival Mushroom Records

      You'd hope they'd be harsh. I'd hand out five years for someone who shared Jimmy Barnes and AC/DC. (:
  • Don't do the crime (Score:3, Insightful)

    by Dot.Com.CEO ( 624226 ) on Thursday April 24, 2003 @02:17AM (#5797087)
    if you can't do the time.

    By downloading music you don't own you break the law. Just because people think they have the right to listen to music for free it doesn't mean it has to be that way. I don't understand what the fuck this has to do with "your rights online". Privacy, I understand. Spam, I understand. Spyware, I understand. But what right are we talking about? Kazaa leeching? Give me a fucking break.

    Go on, mod me a troll. I don't give a shit, I've had it with listening to the constant whining of a handfull of people who cannot understand the basics of "stealing music".

    • By downloading music you don't own you break the law

      Wrong. You can legally download music from www.mp3.com for example. But you don't own the copyright of what you download.

      Actually, almost everything you download (or look at with your browser) is created by someone and is protected by the copyright laws (unless the writer explicitly gives up his copyrights and place his work in the public domain).

      However, it is illegal to distribute or upload work that you don't own the copyright on. Big difference.

      Th
    • by ninthwave ( 150430 ) <slashdot@ninthwave.us> on Thursday April 24, 2003 @02:32AM (#5797135) Homepage
      I agree with everything you said except for one point. I miss having radio stations that played a variety of music. It is hard to find new songs I download listen and buy if I like. I use it like the radio. I don't see that action as criminal because I am an active cd buyer. Though the way the law is written it is. I think my problem with the attack on mp3s is the control on the release of music by the record industries has become so strong that the variety of music is suffering on the airwaves, so to hear new things out of the pop mainstream you have to search a bit. Internet radio is great, followed by net downloading to find the version of the song you are looking for which is then followed by a hunt for the cd or a delete this rubbish option for me. I just can't see what is wrong with my use of it like that. Granted what is stated here is stealing but again the law is so rigid I am stealing under it. And I can not accept that not because I want free music but because I want the promise of captialism to offer consumers more choice to actually do that and offer me more choice while in the record industry it seems to be doing the opposite and offering my less.
    • by joelparker ( 586428 ) <joel@school.net> on Thursday April 24, 2003 @03:24AM (#5797284) Homepage
      I don't understand what the fuck this has to do with "your rights online"

      I'll sketch a quick picture for you:

      1. Massive global corporations refuse
      repeated requests by their own customers
      for convenient ways to download and pay.

      2. Instead, these corps collude to fix prices,
      impede unsigned artists from radio airplay,
      bury studies showing that MP3 helps artists,
      and sue alternative distributors into oblivion.

      3. These corps lobby for draconian DMCA laws,
      push for spyware and denial-of-service attacks,
      force police and DAs to criminalize MP3 trades,
      use subpoenas and search warrant techniques,
      and seek terrible shock-and-awe punishments.

      4. Many governments call this monopoly abuse,
      for a wide range of probable legal reasons.

      5. P2P overcomes this monopoly abuse,
      even as it enables copyright violations.

      So I think the answers are less obvious
      than "don't do the crime" like you said.
      There are legal twists and turns to this.
      Cheers, Joel

      • ??? Ever heard of listen.com? Go there.

        Please don't give me stupid arguments about civil disobedience to stupid laws. This is not civil disobedience. It is plain and simple copyright violation. You do have an alternative - RAISE YOUR VOICE. Write letters to the companies you consider to be perpetuating the situation saying "oh well, you know, IF you had a service that allowed me to download unrestricted music for a reasonable price, I'd go there". But no! You go on with the same stupid argument that "ther

    • by Anonymous Coward
      "Mr Negus said the site contained _links_ to digital recordings of several hundred music albums and singles, album covers and music videos owned by record companies Universal, Sony, Warner, BMG, EMI and Festival Mushroom." (emphasis mine)

      The local TV news made it sound like they had copies of the songs available for download. But if all it was is a site containing links to other locations where the song can be downloaded, then I am not completely comfortable with this.

      I don't see how they breached copyri
  • If found guilty of breaching copyright under the Copyright Act 1968, they would face up to five years in jail or a $60,000 fine.

    If this copyright law dates back to 1968 than there are bound to be some loop-holes that should get these guys off. They just need a decent lawyer.

    • Re:1968?? (Score:3, Informative)

      by ColaMan ( 37550 )
      If this copyright law dates back to 1968 than there are bound to be some loop-holes that should get these guys off. They just need a decent lawyer.


      No,it makes it a lot harder, since all the other cases since 1968 have been testing the law as it stands. The police (in general) will not prosecute if they determine that there's a previously known escape / loophole in this law that fits these circumstances. They make pretty sure that the law applies before going into court.

    • The Act was first passed in 1968, but was ammended in 2000 and 2002.

      For the curious, you can download (.pdf, .rtf):

      the original act plus revisions [law.gov.au]

      the copyright act amendment, known as the Digital Agenda [law.gov.au]

      The reader will note that for the purpose of copyright infringement, actions that are not specifically allowed are considered to be infringing. Making .mp3's out of legally purchased CDs is technically an infringement, as it is not listed in the permissives, and not explicitly endorsed by (most)

  • The way I'm looking at the article it seems they might be copying CD's and reselling them. The only difference between this and downloading is that they is some tangable physical media rather than it just being stored as 0/1's on your hard disk

    Short answer is that if you download music or just copy a CD is stealing. Its just how you feel afterwards that makes the difference

    Rus
  • Make up your minds!! (Score:3, Informative)

    by canning ( 228134 ) on Thursday April 24, 2003 @02:29AM (#5797128) Homepage
    From one article....[smh.com.au]
    "Three students have been charged with copyright offences over an alleged $60 million music piracy operation. "

    While another reports....[news.com.com]
    "Australian police said on Thursday they had closed down an Internet music piracy site and arrested three students in an alleged copyright scam that cost the music industry at least $37 million."

  • by CaptainPotato ( 191411 ) on Thursday April 24, 2003 @02:35AM (#5797149) Homepage
    ...that several Australian universities have cooperated in handing over the details of students without having to so do. Given that ISPs fight tool and nail to avoid having to so do, they did this without being forced to. As somebody who works at an Australian university (but not one of the ones targetted by the music industry), this is concerning (and, no, not because I pirate music - I don't), especially under the new privacy laws in this country. The privacy of the arrested students - regardless of whether they broke the law - was breached in the first instance by the universities handing over their details without being legally made to so do.

    BTW - another article about this can be found here [australian...iew.com.au].

  • by joelparker ( 586428 ) <joel@school.net> on Thursday April 24, 2003 @02:36AM (#5797151) Homepage
    This wastes our police, government and courts--
    and these MP3 problems get worse every week.

    If anyone in public office reads this
    and can advocate for better solutions,
    send me email and I'll donate to you.

    If you feel strongly like I do,
    try donating to EFF [eff.org]

    Cheers, Joel

  • Damages (Score:4, Interesting)

    by DreamingReal ( 216288 ) <dreamingreal@@@yahoo...com> on Thursday April 24, 2003 @03:05AM (#5797226) Homepage
    The industry estimates the value of albums downloaded by Web surfers worldwide was between $37 million and $44 million.

    The piece of information I want the most at this point is the source of these numbers. Everytime I read these articles and come across figures such as these, I smell bullshit. Are they pulling these numbers out of their arses? Is it fuzzy math? (i.e. one download equals one lost album sale) If it's the latter, I say they need to start producing *real* numbers, and not these mystical figures. IMO, claiming one lost album sale for every download is like charging a retail burglar for the MSRP value of every single item in the store, regardless of whether or not it was actually stolen.

    • The piece of information I want the most at this point is the source of these numbers

      Just speculation, but my guess is...

      Loss = Mean income from each son x Number of MP3 downloaders worldwide

  • For some reason I really think we're missing a large amount of information about what these three were charged with. Australia has pretty reasonable copyright laws. We don't send people to jail for copying things. We do, however, share the circumvention provisions which is maybe what they got charged under. Frankly, I have no idea what they've been charged with, because the reporting agency didn't find it necessary to get ahold of the indictment.

    On the hand, we do have the same civil laws as other coun

  • An easier way (Score:3, Insightful)

    by terrencefw ( 605681 ) <slashdot@@@jamesholden...net> on Thursday April 24, 2003 @03:22AM (#5797280) Homepage
    I don't know what the law's like in Australia compared to here in the UK, but you'd get a lighter jail sentence (or maybe just community service) if instead of downloading all those MP3s, you just conned an OAP into giving you her life savings and went on went on a spending spree in the local music store.


    The laws (over here at least) are so messed up.

  • Amerika (Score:5, Interesting)

    by Michael Hunt ( 585391 ) on Thursday April 24, 2003 @03:25AM (#5797286) Homepage
    I'm a proud Australian, and have been horrified over the past 18-odd months to see the slippery slope route our rights have taken due to Johnny Howard wanting W to think that he's important, amongst other reasons.

    In the past year and a bit, we've seen a DMCA-like law passed, seen the senator for communications introduce stupid CDA-wannabe laws to appeal to the religious right, and many other atrocities.

    What I find upsetting about this whole 'peer-to-peer users are terrorists' thing is the fact that the music industry couldn't give two shits if people were pirating Britney or 2pac or the artist formerly known as Puff Daddy. They're using legislative pressure to defend their business model.

    While this was confined to the United States of Amerika, there was some hope that the new system would spring up around underground artists from other countries. Now that every man and his dog is a member of the 'coalition of the religious right against piracy and non-OPEC member countries', the world will slowly but surely be subjugated under big corporations, with Amerika as the figurehead 'state.'

    I have often dreamt that those Free States such as Australia (was), New Zealand, the EU, etc would decide 'enough is enough, W!' and (in would would amount to a voluntary violation of the Berne Convention) decide that the DMCA and other laws were a load of junk and refuse to prosecute any of their citizens for alleged violations involving Amerikan IP.

    This is looking less likely to happen now, and it's sad. My three year old sister is growing up as a slave to the MPAA because my father is too old to do anything else. Millions of other children are being rased similarly. In ten years we'll have a 'western' society where underground and independent (vs merely 'unsigned') artists have no place because nobody knows what they are or why. We won't have a public domain because it will have been bought, a-la Mexico.

    I've called for moderation in the past, as people who deliberately break the law wind up appearing to stand on a very shaky political platform, but I'm fed up with it. The time is now. Spread pervasive peer to peer everywhere. Index EVERYTHING! And make sure that you're not violating classical copyright law in the process. Distribute works which WANT distribution.

    Only in this way will we avoid becoming a slave to the media cartels.

    PS- i'm sure that assloads of Americans are going to mod this into oblivion. I don't give a crap. I'm angry.
  • jail is too much (Score:2, Insightful)

    by VaXXi ( 525011 )
    I know the law specifies jail as a punishment, but this is pretty wrong.

    We're talking about JAIL here, damn it! something that will fsck up your life for ever, mess up your future, end your chances of getting a good job, make you look bad to others. They didn't kill, didn't rape, didn't drink & drive. Give them fines (big fines), community service ... but not prison time.

    Just my 2 cents.
  • Ok, so whom is going to be the first to volunteer to put up their bail?

    What's it worth to put your money where your music library is?

    I think it should be Don Henley.... [usatoday.com] seriously.
  • Whoever says that this isn't newsworthy, just remember that the philosophy being employed in the arrest of these teenagers is spreading to other parts of the world.

    It would set a very bad precedent if these kids were jailed.
  • What next? (Score:3, Interesting)

    by jthorpe ( 545911 ) on Thursday April 24, 2003 @04:06AM (#5797380)
    Living in Australia, I wonder how long it will be before the partially Government owned Telstra discovers that I've been downloading DeCSS (for playing DVDs I actually owned) and send police to lock me up in jail for 5 years.

    Makes me sick when there are people who are actually comitting crimes that harm people and society aren't even getting jail terms.
  • My opinion (Score:2, Informative)

    by Sloshed_dot ( 668214 )
    What exactly is the difference between the Aussie's crime and lending an (honestly purchased) record to a friend? Selling it second-hand? Taping the record before you sell it?

    Clearly the artists must own the rights to their creations - but that does not guarantee they make money from it. When I buy a record I have bought the right to play it as often as I like, and for who I like. How could it be any other way?
  • The first question this raises in my mind concerns whether or not the law that imposes such a penalty on copyright infringement is new. Was existing copyright law amended to allow for stiffer penalties, since the possible magnitude of copyright infringement only becomes greater with so much information available digitally? Even if the law is new, is it merely an extension of existing copyright law, but applicable to all copyrights? Does it affect only copyright law and not other aspects which may affect cop
  • Until recently I was working at a Melbourne company (ie; in Australia) run by a very well known entertainment industry celebrity. When fixing his computer I noticed he had quite a swag of mp3's which his secretary said he routinely downloaded from the various sites.

    Not that it means anything I suppose, but it's amusing how blatantly obvious it is that it's not the entertainers (singers, etc) but rather the **AA who are out for blood.

    I wonder what would happen if one of their own were found to have a colle

  • The article points out that a number of individuals were involved and that the copyright offences album covers. If they were copying covers as well as the music doesn't that tend to indicate that they may have had a fully fledged commercial pirate CD manufacture operation going? Not the same thing as a kid innocently downloading MP3s onto the PC in their bedroom.
  • It's short on details, but presumably they weren't running a P2P network.

    If it is short on details, who is Slashdot to make these presumptions? This is a little bit like unabashed Slashdot-style Microsoft-bashing, when not enough is known and the editors take their potshots at Microsoft anyway, driven by personal biases.

  • Along time ago RMS decided to fight proprietary software by introducing the GPL and free software and the Free Software Foundation. The FSF provided a great service, it was one-stop-shopping for GPL'd software. Anything you downloaded from the FSF is safe, free of imperial entanglements.

    What we need is an new music format with several parts to it; the first part specifies the license for the file (in particular the creative commons license number), the second part is a digtal signature of some authorata

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