"The FCC Still Doesn't Know How the Internet Works" (eff.org) 289
An anonymous reader writes:
The EFF describes the FCC's official plan to kill net neutrality as "riddled with technical errors and factual inaccuracies," including, for example, a false distinction between "Internet access service" and "a distinct transmission service" which the EFF calls "utterly ridiculous and completely ungrounded from reality."
"Besides not understanding how Internet access works, the FCC also has a troublingly limited knowledge of how the Domain Name System (DNS) works -- even though hundreds of engineers tried to explain it to them this past summer... As the FCC would have it, an Internet user actively expects their ISP to provide DNS to them." And in addition, "Like DNS, it treats caching as if it were some specialized service rather than an implementation detail and general-purpose computing technique."
"There are at least two possible explanations for all of these misunderstandings and technical errors. One is that, as we've suggested, the FCC doesn't understand how the Internet works. The second is that it doesn't care, because its real goal is simply to cobble together some technical justification for its plan to kill net neutrality. A linchpin of that plan is to reclassify broadband as an 'information service,' (rather than a 'telecommunications service,' or common carrier) and the FCC needs to offer some basis for it. So, we fear, it's making one up, and hoping no one will notice."
"We noticed," their editorial ends, urging Americans "to tell your lawmakers: Don't let the FCC sell the Internet out."
"Besides not understanding how Internet access works, the FCC also has a troublingly limited knowledge of how the Domain Name System (DNS) works -- even though hundreds of engineers tried to explain it to them this past summer... As the FCC would have it, an Internet user actively expects their ISP to provide DNS to them." And in addition, "Like DNS, it treats caching as if it were some specialized service rather than an implementation detail and general-purpose computing technique."
"There are at least two possible explanations for all of these misunderstandings and technical errors. One is that, as we've suggested, the FCC doesn't understand how the Internet works. The second is that it doesn't care, because its real goal is simply to cobble together some technical justification for its plan to kill net neutrality. A linchpin of that plan is to reclassify broadband as an 'information service,' (rather than a 'telecommunications service,' or common carrier) and the FCC needs to offer some basis for it. So, we fear, it's making one up, and hoping no one will notice."
"We noticed," their editorial ends, urging Americans "to tell your lawmakers: Don't let the FCC sell the Internet out."
Honest Question (Score:5, Insightful)
Honestly, what can we do? This is an unelected board with a majority that will change this no matter what we say. Congress has not taken up the issue in any way, and doesn't seem to have any intention of ever doing so, so what would be the purpose of writing to them? It just looks to me like Ajit Pai is going to force this measure through, no matter the science, business, societal, or ethical concerns.
In short, the current FCC doesn't give a damn about any of us.
Re:Honest Question (Score:5, Funny)
Time for code red. If you wait on him, be rude, get his order wrong, and be slow. If you pass him in the street, utter random expletives. Don't hold the elevator for him. Do mot assault or threaten him, just shut him out. Remind Trump that Obama appointed him, perhaps that strange urge to undo anything Obama ever did will take hold. Post it to Twitter. Make it a fun game.
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I've got another honest question.
"Besides not understanding how Internet access works, the FCC also has a troublingly limited knowledge of how the Domain Name System (DNS) works -- even though hundreds of engineers tried to explain it to them this past summer... "
If we accept that the FCC is ignorant and incompetent regarding the internet, then why the hell do we want them regulating it?!?!
Strat
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Ajit Pai is neither ignorant nor incompetent; what he is, is just about the most corrupt person we've seen in a long while. Its not like these arguments he's making are things he is mistaken about: he's **lying** and he damn well knows it. But it fits his politics and his friends at Verizon's agenda to make some vaguely plausible excuse the courts or ignorant politicians will accept.
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The alternative is to have no one regulate it.
You mean pretty much as it's been for decades? The cherry-picked horror stories trotted out as evidence all have two things in common:
1) They were relatively few and far between.
2) They were short lived and usually ended with a lot of bad PR and stock price hits and needed no FCC or other government intervention other than normal tort actions and FTC trade laws.
Look, I don't want the internet dependent on a few monopolistic gatekeepers either, but we must work together to find a solution and not just toss i
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When Net Neutrality is lifted carriers will be able to prioritize traffic based on agreement with content providers. This is effectively a type of licensing agreement. If carriers are acting effectively in a licensing and redistribution capacity does that mean that they will be illegally re-licensing and distributing content for which they have no content provider agreements?
I think that the carriers are looking at this and an arbitrage opportunity, however, this could crush them if content providers turn
Re: Honest Question (Score:5, Insightful)
Uh-oh. Concern troll time.
Yes, it's pushing an agenda. The agenda is to not turn control of the internet over to the corporations most likely to fuck it up.
Basically, what we have here is the "I don't like their tone" argument, which is used to undermine an effort. And the same people love Trump, not for what he is doing, but because of his tone, which is purely visceral, unruly and unhinged.
Re: Honest Question (Score:5, Insightful)
Net Neutrality is an effort to bend the curve back. It's better than just ceding the remaining control of the internet to Comcast.
Oh, you're one of those jackoffs. No, "normal people" do not consider moderation and voting to be acts of censorship.
You should really learn the difference between the content on the internet and the delivery of bandwidth. You're very confused as to what Net Neutrality means.
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No, I think he'd be like me and think: "Holy shit, did Republicans just grow a spine and/or conscience?!" Note: I am a former Republican who left the party because they completely fucking sold out to big corporations and the batshit crazy 'evangelical Christians' who are anything but evangelical or Christian.
Re: Honest Question (Score:4, Funny)
Re: Honest Question (Score:2)
I don't see how the post you reply to is attacking the messenger? Then you proceed to do that in a very negative tone.
Trying to stir unrest?
Re: Honest Question (Score:5, Insightful)
Re: Honest Question (Score:4, Insightful)
Not I Sir, I oppose Net Neutrality, But I am all for deregulation of utility poles. Allow any company to put fibers in, I have multiple ideas how it could work even if they wont give up control of the poles. Look throughh my comment history as i have a busy day and cant type them out for now. Or reply to me and ill get back to you in a day or two. We need more ISP's NN is not the way to get them..
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Re: Honest Question (Score:5, Insightful)
I would suggest that we have a better record of regulated corporations than unregulated ones. And it's not that we should not put it under the control of "unaccountable Federal bureaucrats", it's that the FCC is the wrong unaccountable Federal bureaucrats.
Yes, Net Neutrality should be codified into law. We can't trust something so important to some mythical notion of a "free market" which has never existed and can never exist. The FCC can't do this job on its own.
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Net Neutrality is basically government creating monopolies
What on Earth are you talking about? The ISP monopolies have been around far longer than the recent net neutrality debate.
What the government isn't doing is actually promoting competition by deregulating.
Net neutrality is good. Abusive monopolies are bad. It's not hard.
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Net Neutrality is a buzzword for 'more government regulation'. Abusive monopolies are created by government regulation. It's not hard.
Re: Honest Question (Score:2)
Re: Honest Question (Score:5, Interesting)
Re: Honest Question (Score:3)
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charge the streaming service for the performance it demands from their network
They do. Do you think Netflix doesn't pay for their internet connection and the massive amounts of bandwidth they use?
beyond that which was reasonably foreseen
If they haven't managed to "foresee" streaming video by 2017, there might be a problem that no amount of legislation (or lack thereof) will fix.
charge the customer directly for the burst traffic like electricity
No, instead they'll charge the customer directly for access to Youtube, Slashdot, Facebook, New York Times, or any other site you wish to enjoy. Video sites are $5/mo each. Social media sites are $4/mo each. Other lesser-known sites are $2/mo eac
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take a look here
So what I'm reading is that he failed to see the rise of streaming video and therefore failed to both improve his network over time, and raise prices over time and when it slapped him in the face he was stuck deciding between keeping an underperforming service or a massive instantaneous price increase to compensate for improving the service.
I'm sorry to say but every industry faces the issue of how to handle changes they can't control. Those who adapt succeed. Those who can't adapt die. That's straight o
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Living in a country with net neutrality (for now, the ISP's are looking with longing at the US and want to start censoring the web), the billing is really simple. Rather then paying for unlimited internet, I pay for so many GBs. If I want to stream video all the time, whether netflix or the video of a bird feeder, I have to pay more. Likewise, if all I want to do is access email, I can pay less.
Everyone also misses the other part of net neutrality going away, namely that the ISP's can censor any traffic the
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An ISP business does not have to support another failing business segment. They are already earning enough from the ISP business to keep up their infrastructure and that's ALL that matters.
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That's stagnation. To handle future traffic increases, they need to be able to upgrade their hardware. To expand coverage to people who don't already have broadband also requires money.
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What do you think "keep up" means? Don't believe their lies - they are only to help protect massive profits.
Re: Honest Question (Score:3)
Re: Honest Question (Score:2)
HUH?!? Why must your bill go up (other than retarded ISP billing)? Why not offer lower total usage packages for people like you? Or charge more for the higher usage users?
If the ISP has a monopoly or duopoly on the line, then their media servers shouldnâ(TM)t be treated differently than others. Either the two businesses be split, or the 3rd party gets same rental space in the data center, or they lose the monopoly on the line.
We should be doing everything to encourage competition, not make it easier
Re: Honest Question (Score:2)
You target specific services by not having net neutrality, but if you want to keep down your cost you can probably find a low bandwidth alternative at some ISP or share connection with your neighbor.
By the same analogy you don't want to share roads with trucks because you ride a moped and don't need all that room on the roads.
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That's a classic false dichotomy. The content of your neighbor's library choices might be called into question for any number of reasons, but 'it costs me' is certainly not one of them. The choices are his, AND yours. That's the nature of a public resource, like a library. Or an open internet. So, let the other guy read the foreign newspaper, or visit the reference section,
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There are people vocally opposed to small ISPs needing to comply with Title-2 regulations; I don't pretend to understand the issues, but it is essentially the job for a full time attorney.
Logically, should a guy that puts up an antenna on a water tower to serve his town be considered a utility? If he goes out of business, what does that mean? Government bailout?
There are also people who believe that forcing net neutrality via executive order is an overreach. While I personally think that is a partisan iss
Re: Honest Question (Score:2)
The burdensome parts of NN doesnâ(TM)t apply to small ISPs with less than 250,000 subscribers.
Re: Honest Question (Score:2)
Since moderation is done by readers I doubt your statement.
But sometimes I lack a +1 Troll moderation.
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Can't even shoot him, you'd get jailed. And he ain't worth a second of jail time, so he's safe.
That's also the only reason he's still alive.
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Don't get my hopes up.
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Well, there's two kinds of people who go to jail after shooting someone. One group considers the target worth it, even if they get caught, the other group doesn't think they'd get caught.
I can't see either of that happen here.
Re: Honest Question (Score:2)
If you think that's how internet and routing really works then you need to read up on routing and networking.
Traffic is directed more or less by algorithms the most efficient route between source and destination.
Broadcast don' t exist, it's either point to point or in rare cases multicast but I haven't seen much multicast traffic outside routing protocols on the net. And even for multicast you need to configure it to get it routed.
Series of tubes (Score:5, Insightful)
Come on it's just a series of tubes, it's not that hard to figure out.
Don't blame the FCC, blame the 48% that voted to put a lunatic administration in charge. If you assign a wolf to protect the chickens, you don't blame the wolf for eating the chickens.
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If you assign a wolf to protect the chickens, you don't blame the wolf for eating the chickens.
Or a fox in sheep's clothing. :-)
Smiling (for those that don't know) because the sayings are actually:
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At least we can shoot that wolf.
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You may shoot rabid animals in my country, even if they're endangered.
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Rather than discuss its merits in a balanced manner, the new idea or product is almost always overwhelming attacked as an invasion of privacy.
I suspect that's because, let's see...it usually is?
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Nerds are the smart frogs who look at the stove dial rather than try to wait for the water to slowly boil
Re:Series of tubes (Score:5, Insightful)
Further, by framing it this way you're implying that this as a failure of government. The FCC is working exactly as intended: these commissioners were nominated by a Republican president and confirmed by a Republican senate. For some reason, Network Neutrality has become a partisan issue and Republicans are on the side of wanting to kill it. So this result is a predictable one, as a consequence of last year's election.
Congress can overrule the FCC any time they want. The Senate also could have rejected Pai's nomination, or the other commissioners, if they didn't want to see net neutrality killed. It's not like this is a surprise, we knew that Pai was going to do this and they knew that Pai was going to do this too. So the grandparent is spot-on here: if we're looking for people to blame for this, it starts with the commissioners, but it's also the people who appointed them (the president and senators), then the people who appointed them (the voters), then the people who are really in charge of all of this (the ISPs).
Re:Republican government working as intended (Score:5, Insightful)
The FCC can't overrule the will of congress, and in fact their prior attempt (prior to the one being discussed) was struck down by the supreme court.
I assume that you're talking about the "third way" approach, in which the FCC tried to impose network neutrality while designating ISPs as "information services" rather than "telecommunications services." The court struck that down because the FCC didn't have the authority to regulate information services in this way - in fact I don't think that "information service" is a real thing, it's just a term that they made up as a half-assed compromise - but they did have the authority to regulate telecommunications services. So, the court said, all that the FCC needed to do was change this designation, then they could apply network neutrality without issue. Both of these powers, determining what what category a service falls under, and regulating telecommunications services, are powers granted to the FCC by congress.
I don't know what you mean by "visceral argument." You seem to agree with me that our current Republican government is responsible for selling us out, you just don't seem to think that that this is a problem. You also make reference to an explicit instruction by congress not to regulate the internet - I'm not familiar with this instruction, but it is certain that it either doesn't say what you're implying or that it's one of multiple instructions that the FCC has received on this issue (I'm sure that they have had many, and I doubt that they all agree).
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Why don't you sign up for an account Ajit?
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that their prior attempt was struck down by the supreme court.
Struck down because the Internet was misclassified as to the type of service it was. They re-classified it in order to grant the FCC the authority. Did you just wake up from a decade-long slumber?
Re: Series of tubes (Score:2)
Some people would like to see the world burn too.
I've got an idea! (Score:5, Insightful)
Let's put an organisation which didn't understand how the internet works in charge of regulating the internet! What could go wrong?
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Yeah, they present this as if it's some sort of evidence in favor of having the FCC in charge of regulating Internet access, when it's actually the opposite.
But don't worry, if they kept their regulatory control, over the next few years/decades there will be plenty of industry "experts" willing to come in and give them a hand in "understanding" what needs to be done in the regulations...
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You mean the whole government?
At least this one is supposed to listen to the population opinion before deciding.
Supposed to...
Comment removed (Score:5, Insightful)
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Obama did not make undoing the Bush presidency his own undertaking, in fact he kept a lot of Bush era policies that needed to stay in place. You're a moron.
Re: If Obama did this, then Trump undoes it. (Score:3)
Bush era screwed up so badly that the rest of the world now suffers from influx of refugees. Clinton era decisions are the cause for the crash in '08. Obama was a mediocre president that lacked power to clean up the crap from both earlier administrations and therefore we got Trump who by the rest of the world is seen as a clown.
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Were you asleep the last 6 years of the Obama administration? The republicans were the obstructionist "Party of NO." Getting congress to do literally ANYTHING was futile.
This argument works both ways (Score:2, Funny)
So, they didn't know this back in 2015 either, when the "Net Neutrality" was enacted?
Or, maybe, the government should not be telling, how owners of the wires deal with their customers at all? What a novel thought...
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I'll agree it's not the best phrasing, probably because it would be "unprofessional" to write an accurate headline like "Ajit Pai is a fuckwit ISP shill that doesn't even know how the internet works."
As for the stewardship of the "owners of the wires," they manage to be basically the only private entities less popular than any part of the government. Do you know how fucking hard it is for a business to be LESS POPULAR THAN THE GOVERNMENT? if I were running the Heritage foundation or whatever hyper-capit
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I'd be shocked if Pai didn't know what he was doing, and I'd be really shocked if the FCC didn't know how the internet worked.
In fact Pai probably knows how it works better than most (or at least has close advisers that can tell him) -- how else would he know exactly where to prod in order to best fuck things up in favor of his Verizon buddies?
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I have no idea. I get that it's hard for the concept of "government services" in the abstract to beat out "private services", but I'm not sure if that holds in any given specific instance. It seems like individual programs can be quite popular as long as they aren't tagged "government", e.g. the famous "keep your government hands odd my medicare" quote or the people wanting to repeal Obamacare but keep their ACA-base
Re:This argument works both ways (Score:5, Insightful)
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"They" never asked for government's protection of the monopoly. Your beloved FDR forced it upon "them" [wikipedia.org]. We've been paying for that evil Statist's misgovernment for decades.
Fortunately, the communication monopolies are shattering somewhat. Unfortunately, that process is slow and remains reversible — thanks to government [wired.com].
Does it? Well, then it also gets to detach them. Suck it up, cupcake. Live by the government,
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Right. And you want to give them more laws and regulations, with which to sue any such challenger into oblivion? Wake up, you can't fix a problem created by government [wired.com] with more government.
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The most fundamental thing to understand about how the FCC operates is that they are run by lawyers. Lawyers do not think like either engineers or normal people. They only think in terms of rules and rule frameworks, and they use language in these rule frameworks that is fairly decoupled from reality.
What I mean by this is that if you want to change the FCC, you need a lawyer that can translate your concerns into their language, and play their game for making rules and procedures. Right now, the ideology
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I don't want it "changed". I want it abolished. It is useless at best — when run by Conservatives — and dangerous at worst, when Illiberals use it to violate the First Amendment in their favor.
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So that even broadcast TV or cell networks can legally be interfered with? You can't enforce spectrum assignments without a body to do so.
More wilfull than that (Score:2, Insightful)
It seems unlikely that they don't actually understand it. The problem here is an active attempt to do harm rather than just the usual incompetence. So the fact that they are publishing stuff that is wrong on this many levels just means that they are taking a lead from their masters and recognizing that they can say what they like regardless of any concept of reality.
Equally the general public will find it unlikely that they don't actually know so the EFF campaign might not be very effective as lobbying.
I know what happened (Score:2)
the FCC also has a troublingly limited knowledge of how the Domain Name System (DNS) works -- even though hundreds of engineers tried to explain it to them this past summer
Well obviously this was "Mansplaining" and therefore invalid.
Yup (Score:5, Insightful)
Not that people need to be reminded of this, but a huge part of this administration is irresponsible and dangerous ignorance or pure maliciousness to the benefit of few, which has not changed anything so far quite unfortunately.
I hope the EFF, ACLU and the lawsuits that are coming against the FCC results in something. Unfortunately though, the justice system isn't showing many signs that it's all that much different from the administration too.
Weak article (Score:2)
The FCC Still Doesnâ(TM)t Understand That Using the Internet Means Having Your ISP Transmit Packets For You
The article cites the following statements taken from the fcc document
End users do not expect to receive (or pay for) two distinct servicesâ"both Internet access service and a distinct transmission service, for example.â
Certainly what th
So, business as usual. (Score:2)
Those that have no idea how the internet works want to dictate how it should work.
Hopefully it's also going to end as usual: Nobody gives a shit about their "regulations" and thing continue to run like they did.
Maybe there is a dinosaur in play here. (Score:2)
This false distinction between “Internet access service” and “a distinct transmission service” is utterly ridiculous and completely ungrounded from reality. As the FCC would have it, there is some sort of “transmission” that is separate from the Internet that ISPs provide access to.
As usual I feel behind the curve in trying to understand where these guys are coming from.
Back in the day, when the "Internet" and AOL was the same thing to many people and you accessed it through a dial-up modem, there was definitely a distinction between packet transmission and ISP provided services. I remember trying to get USENET access through my dad's system where AOL was the "ISP." Everything in their app worked fine and you could do some "Internety" things but on the Windows side there did
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And now AOL is.. where? Exactly. Because the telcos and cable companies started offering direct, ungated internet access and people swarmed to it (and away from AOL) in droves.
Now those same telcos and cable companies want to essentially turn themselves into the new AOLs. Except this time they're also in control of the underlying pipes so there's not really anyone who can swoop in and cut the rug out from under them as they themselves did to AOL 15ish years ago.
It was what.. 2 or 3 years ago when the who
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https://transition.fcc.gov/Dai... [fcc.gov]
The article is claiming that the FCC position is the complete opposite from what the FCC says it is in the document. The article is pulling something out of context to make a false assertion. Here is another section from the FCC document, that explains the true position of the FCC:
Below we examine both how consumers perceive the offer of broadband Internet access service, as well as the nat
Shut down the FCC (Score:2)
It's worthless.
They don't need to know. (Score:2)
They just need to know who's giving them their money.
At his point, that's the people who run the telco and cable companies.
What, you still think that the higher-ups in the Federal Government actually care about We The People? Have you been hiding under a rock for the last several Presidential administrations?
The Engineers of FCC got it right (Score:3)
Re:neutrality breaks shared resources (Score:5, Informative)
You have to classify traffic to prevent congestion. Congestion will break the interwebz. As soon as you're classifying traffic, which is already happening, you have no neutrality If you want a simple example of how neutrality breaks shared and limited resources, remove quotas from your file system or schedulers from CPU resource management.
https://tools.ietf.org/html/rf... [ietf.org]
Please don't be a moron. Proper network traffic management is perfectly ok under NN. Networks have to have traffic controls, you just can't have a network without it. ISPs already tried to put this forth as a reason for no NN. Where NN comes in is what traffic management ISPs are allowed to do. Doing it for network health and usability is perfectly ok. Giving some customers preferential treatment? No.
Learn the difference, stop spreading misinformation.
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Doing it for network health and usability is perfectly ok. Giving some customers preferential treatment? No.
The practical problem is that those two different motivations can result in the same (perceived) results to the end user. And then they call the FCC and bitch. And then there's an investigation. And then the ISP sure better have created logs for every step taken "for network health and usability" (along with why they took each of those steps) to try to make sure the investigation only results in a time-sinking royal pain in the ass rather than a fine. And everyone's monthly rates go up (again) because o
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No, networks do NOT need traffic controls. Fixed fucking pipeline without oversubscribing like a lying fuck is what we need.
You are the moron who has obviously never administered a network of any large scale.
Man, the stupid is strong with this one. Look, oversubscribing bandwidth is a perfectly acceptable thing to be doing. When one calculates the needs of 1000's of users, 95% of those users are not going to be using anything near what the pipe is capable of. This is where traffic and congestion controls come in. A small number of people using lots of bandwidth can coexist just fine with a lot of low-bandwidth users. This is simple shit, you are the stupid one. Oversubscribing isn't a problem, it's how IS
Re: neutrality breaks shared resources (Score:2)
Re: neutrality breaks shared resources (Score:2)
Re: neutrality breaks shared resources (Score:3)
Re: neutrality breaks shared resources (Score:2)
The difference here is type of service compared to who's providing the service.
So QoS can be fine. Prioritizing VoIP over a videostream is acceptable but prioritizing two different VoIP streams differently aren't.
Re: neutrality breaks shared resources (Score:2)
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First thing I thought of when I read the summary. "As the FCC would have it, an Internet user actively expects their ISP to provide DNS to them." Yes, they do. They can get DNS elsewhere, but almost everybody expects to get DN
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HUSH!
Don't listen to him, lawmakers. It's just like you think it is, to block something from being accessed, just tell your ISPs to blackhole the DNS name. That's going to disallow all internet to the bad, bad content you hate, yes indeed. I swear.
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Could we just replace that idiot with the water cooler in the hall. Not just because it's more humane, but simply because it knows more about, well, everything.
Fire that guy. Or fire a gun at him, your choice. But get rid of him now.
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Is it really THAT hard to register an account to shill?
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Found the shill.
Next time, at least register an account.
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The companies dominating the Internet have been censoring the right since at least 2015.
I hope to see you killed in the street, and soon.
With that last sentence you are on the border of incitement. I certainly hope that any civilised country draws the line at incitement, and this has nothing to do with left, right, up, down, black, white, purple, or yellow. Encouraging people to be killed should be just as illegal on the internet as in other media.
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Wishful thinking is not incitement.
Re:Everything hinges on the legal definition (Score:5, Informative)
The ISP's were considered to be "common carriers" like telephone companies. Telecom companies could charge different prices for residential/business telephone lines. They could charge for value added features like caller ID, voicemail, three-way dialing, as well as international, national, local and emergency calls, but they could not bill you according to what you were talking about or who you were talking to for a particular distance.
ISP's can charge you for particular data rates (although with ADSL/DSL that varies according to how far you are from the telephone exchange. With fibre-optic cable networks, the signals travel at a fixed bit rate, but you get a maximum data transfer rate based on your pricing option).
The fear is that they'll start trying to charge you value-added features such as bundles of websites (video, social, messaging, photographs) or even levels of video compression.
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reducing their carbon footprints to zero
Are you kidding? Both the people and the gasoline they're using have plenty of carbon that you're suggesting they spew into the atmosphere!
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I agree that it would be better for the internet to be regulated by an organization that understands the internet.
But I don't think an unregulated internet is going to go very well. Verizon and other ISPs don't have any incentive to provide a free and open internet. Quite the opposite, they have every incentive to lock that shit down as tightly as possible and then charge you through the teeth for each per-service key.
There's no competition in many areas, and in the majority of jurisdictions where there i
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