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American Cities Are Installing DHS-Funded Audio Surveillance (csoonline.com) 160

"Audio surveillance is increasingly being used on parts of urban mass transit systems," reports the Christian Science Monitor. Slashdot reader itwbennett writes "It was first reported in April that New Jersey had been using audio surveillance on some of its light rail lines, raising questions of privacy. This week, New Jersey Transit ended the program following revelations that the agency 'didn't have policies governing storage and who had access to data.'" From the article: New Jersey isn't the only state where you now have even more reason to want to ride in the quiet car. The Baltimore Sun reported in March that the Maryland Transit Administration has used audio recording on some of its mass transit vehicles since 2012. It is now used on 65 percent of buses, and 82 percent of subway trains have audio recording capability, but don't use it yet, according to the Sun. And cities in New Hampshire, Connecticut, Michigan, Ohio, Nevada, Oregon and California have either installed systems or moved to procure them, in many cases with funding from the federal Department of Homeland Security.
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American Cities Are Installing DHS-Funded Audio Surveillance

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  • be afraid (Score:2, Insightful)

    by Anonymous Coward

    as someone who works in the entertainment industry, i have to say this is more about keeping the populace paranoid than preventing terrorism.

    most of the audio they are liable to pick up will be garbage. directional mikes can only pick up so much legible speech before being overrun by ambient noise.

    there is a reason we use body mikes: because without them we get nothing but unintelligible noise.

    • Re:be afraid (Score:5, Insightful)

      by wierd_w ( 1375923 ) on Sunday July 03, 2016 @09:49AM (#52438421)

      That assumes only single microphones per car/train/etc.

      Placement, and quantity can make up for ambient noise, and also permits big brother to know where exactly on said train you were standing when you discussed your seditious materials.

      Small mics places every 3 feet would probably be sufficient to get most conversations.

    • Re:be afraid (Score:5, Informative)

      by Sarten-X ( 1102295 ) on Sunday July 03, 2016 @10:08AM (#52438495) Homepage

      As someone who also worked in the entertainment industry, I'd say you ought to reconsider what skilled audio engineers can do.

      When we had a case of equipment get delayed, I've had to use the wrong mics and set up recording without a soundcheck. The raw recording was noisy and inconsistent, and the actors' speech was practically unintelligible. However, with a few minutes at a workstation, I was able to smooth out most of the inconsistency, and even out the noise floor. It was still unintelligible, but that cleared up after some vary careful noise filters were applied. The end result wasn't stellar, but it was passable.

      The goal here isn't to have an entertaining immersive audio experience, though. The goal of audio recording on public transit is to provide evidence in a court case. A precise count of gunshots or a noisy recording of an argument are useful things in a courtroom, even without an engineer cleaning up the clip. If cleaner results are needed, an audio engineer can work his magic, and extract the evidence from the noise.

      Unfortunately, that's precisely where the privacy concerns come from, as well. If a skilled editor wants to extract speech from a recording, he can probably do it. If the subject happened to sit near a microphone, it makes the job easier. There must be clear rules in place for who can have access to the recordings and under what authorization, and that hasn't happened in many places that have implemented audio recordings.

      • by swb ( 14022 )

        At this point, though, is it actually of any *surveillance* value?

        Or is the kind of thing where they only keep a rolling 7 days worth of audio recorded and don't bother with it unless an incident happens and then start seeing if their recording means anything?

        Unless they have some pretty magical, automated software that can clean it up and then turn it into keyword searchable text on a regular basis it doesn't sound much like "surveillance" as much as it is just shot-spotter audio.

        • Re:be afraid (Score:4, Interesting)

          by Sarten-X ( 1102295 ) on Sunday July 03, 2016 @11:02AM (#52438703) Homepage

          This is heading into speculation territory, but I suspect both.

          If I were designing such a system, I'd keep a month of raw audio on hand. That fits on a cheap 80GB hard drive. If an event gets reported, a day's recording could be pulled off for professional cleaning and analysis, to make something humans could understand. Keeping a full month provides enough time for the report to cycle through the various authorities and bureaucracies to actually get retrieved before being cycled out.

          I'd also expect that the DHS would have some real-time analysis software, but its status as "magical" is certainly debatable. I'd expect it could detect gunshots, explosions, loud arguments, and maybe a few distinctive words, but I doubt it's capable of tracking and understanding multiple conversations in real time in a noisy environment.

          In both cases, I think the value would be a modern equivalent to the Zapruder film. There would be many errors in an automatic analysis, but the recording would provide contributing details to reconstruct an event for detailed manual analysis after an event. That in turn can either support or disprove a theory, ultimately revealing a story closer to the truth.

          • DHS is just giving cash grants to pay for it, they're not developing anything or pushing locals to use certain software. That's why there are all the idiot problems in NJ; the locals were not competent, and neither were the consultants.

            At least slashdot remembered to tell us what Bennett thinks, though! lol No surprise that the blah-blah is uninformed.

        • Where I am not only is it a loop that is only reviewed if there is an incident, there isn't even central storage or anything; and they can't view it from the bus without special equipment. The security guy has to use some sort of laptop-based tool to collect the data off the bus if there is an incident. It is like the security cameras in a store, but for buses. Audio really helps on buses, because there is a problem of people being verbally abusive to other riders, but there is also the problem that accusat

          • by NotAPK ( 4529127 )

            "because there is a problem of people being verbally abusive to other riders,"

            Absolutely, and this problem has existed for centuries in all kinds of environments.

            Do we really want to sacrifice our privacy, expose ourselves to the possibility that the state could investigate our "thought crime" or reconstruct a record of everything we have said in the past few years?

            All for the sake of dealing with loud mouth dickheads on the bus?

            Seems really stupid and unbalanced if you ask me.

        • by rtb61 ( 674572 )

          The panopticon https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... [wikipedia.org], does not require that you watch everyone all of the time, in the war of the rich versus the poor, it just requires that you convince them that they are being watched all of the time. Keep in mind the rich do not walk public streets, they are not in public places, they remain in private places, places they own and control. This is mass surveillance for the masses, the working in poverty, to keep them in their assigned place.

          So letting you know they are mon

          • by NotAPK ( 4529127 )

            "The answer for mass surveillance is mass misinformation, false data to poison their databases and computers can generate false information, at a far greater rate than real information can be created and spread, so as to drown out mass surveillance. If they are going to treat the majority of us like criminal, well, we might as well 'pretend' to be criminals so as to confuse the fuck out of them."

            I agree completely, but it does not quite gel with the first part of your post, which I also agree with.

            Ideally (

      • Re:be afraid (Score:4, Insightful)

        by mi ( 197448 ) <slashdot-2017q4@virtual-estates.net> on Sunday July 03, 2016 @12:33PM (#52439101) Homepage Journal

        The goal of audio recording on public transit is to provide evidence in a court case.

        Not just that — they may be able to parse the words (the way Siri, Alexa, et al do already) looking for certain terms and expressions to alert human operators to the conversation.

        There must be clear rules in place for who can have access to the recordings and under what authorization

        Public transit is, by definition, public. If a person next to you can overhear it — and even record it on his smartphone unbeknown to you — then so can police. It just makes their job much easier.

        I too am rather uncomfortable with these developments, but there is nothing illegal about them. And, no, we do not need rules, which TSA and others will write and then change to suit themselves. We need laws — set by lawmakers, binding for the police, enforced by the courts...

      • More often than being used in court it is used to verify behavior in order to ban the correct people from the service. The video, rather than the audio, is the part that is a threat of evidence collection; people are less likely to try to rob you on the bus if they're on video. Flashers are less likely to strike there, too. These are the real problems on buses, not, "zomg a cop looked at me, I'm like, so totally busted, man I hate pigs." LOL I mean, I'm sure that is on the tapes a million times too, but nob

    • aw, pshaw (Score:2, Informative)

      by swschrad ( 312009 )

      it is commonplace for cities/regions to have audio and video recording on public transit, the Twin Cities has had audio for over a decade on its buses and added video at least as long ago.. it's used in accident and violence investigations. they have never sent goons on the bus to club a slob who drops orange peels and potato chips all over the bus.

      • they have never sent goons on the bus to club a slob who drops orange peels and potato chips all over the bus.

        But it would probably be a popular action if they did!

        What I want is microphones all over the mountains so they can club those jerks who use their cell phone as a boom box while hiking.

    • I'm in one of the Oregon communities that has had audio/video recording on buses for a decade. It wasn't "the gubermint" or the police who installed it, it was the local transit district. At first it made people nervous, but then over time they realized that it means that if there is a crime on the bus, it is really easy to solve. Also it helps the transit district to ban people who are causing problems for other riders, because they don't have to wonder what happened they can check. No, you can't hear ever

      • If enough crime happens on your buses to warrant the installation of audio or video surveillance, I think I would find another means of transportation instead.

        • uhhh... it solved the problem, so your comment lacks a point.

          Fear is the mind-killer. Don't be so afraid! You're willing to give your Freedom away to the criminals, that is pathetic. No, people kept riding the buses but they demanded some basic security steps, and those steps worked.

    • as someone who works in the entertainment industry, i have to say this is more about keeping the populace paranoid than preventing terrorism.

      most of the audio they are liable to pick up will be garbage. directional mikes can only pick up so much legible speech before being overrun by ambient noise.

      https://www.schneier.com/blog/... [schneier.com]

  • Hello Orwell. (Score:5, Insightful)

    by wierd_w ( 1375923 ) on Sunday July 03, 2016 @09:44AM (#52438403)

    Looks like it is time for widespread counter-actions, while we are still able to do so.

    Microphones need wires leading to them, which means they will absorb/attenuate nearby EM fields. That means you can sweep for them with a fairly low tech detector. If they are not wired, they will actively emit a signal, which likewise can be detected.

    Once you find them, pour superglue into them. Document their presence and location on your social media platform of choice, so that others can quickly sabotage similarly placed microphones.

    Dutiful denial of service will make this too costly for the orwelian surveillance state to maintain.

    • After you are barometrically identified by the cameras you'll go to jail, be banned from using transport for life, and have your assets seized to cover the inflated cost of repairs.
    • ...because vandalism and destruction of city property is what heroes do [tvtropes.org]!

    • Microphones are too easy to hide, behind a panel, whatever. What might work is a personal little white noise generator (the old running faucet in the bathroom trick). Humans can "hear around it", a microphone can't. It will hear static. For a wireless mic, signal jammers. They wouldn't need to transmit beyond 20 yards or so, making them difficult to catch.

      • Sounds like a job for a simple sticker.

        Round, has little black arrows pointing toward the center, says "Hidden microphone!" on it.

        One can probably get these mass printed at cafe-press.

        Detect the microphone, and put the sticker down (If you cannot sabotage the mic yourself) to alert others. Then use your white noise generator.

    • by Anonymous Coward

      whenever youre on public transportation, dont forget to mention how "this weather is the bomb!" and "ISIS was an Egyptian god before AL QUEDA got hold of it"

      Look for ways to insert world-war-terror phrases into every conversation.

      • You'll really get paranoid after the person sitting behind you who dislikes your snark decides to report it to the FBI, and they come to interview you, leading you to become totally convinced that there is an evil supercomputer listening on the bus. You could fall down a rabbit hole that impacts the rest of your life! lol

        The local anarchist group went through some convulsions of that sort, when they were getting "mysteriously" arrested for crimes they didn't expect to get busted for. They were sure it prove

    • Yes because those would be the only wires on the bus. /s

      They could put the microphone inside the unit for the speakers (stop announcements, bell, etc), the light that comes on when someone wants a stop, or just the lights. And the wires would be run together with the component it's installed with. There are a lot of wires on a bus.

    • You don't need to "sweep" for microphones, just look for the pattern of little holes right below the camera.

      Start at the sign warning, "Audio and video recording devices in use." Lift your head up, and to the right. See the camera on the ceiling? The mic is right there too. There is another one in the middle of the aisle by the back door.

  • Wiretapping laws (Score:5, Interesting)

    by Scutter ( 18425 ) on Sunday July 03, 2016 @09:46AM (#52438411) Journal

    Why aren't these systems running afoul of both state and federal wiretapping laws?

    • Re:Wiretapping laws (Score:4, Informative)

      by Snotnose ( 212196 ) on Sunday July 03, 2016 @09:54AM (#52438433)
      Because the States and the Feds are the ones doing it. As we've all learned from HRC, it's only wrong when the little people do it.
      • Re: (Score:3, Informative)

        "If the president does it, it's not illegal" - That predates HRC by a long shot.

    • by burni2 ( 1643061 )

      Essentially it is not a wiretap,
      and when you are in the public you cannot expect privacy.

      (This is the rationale - and yes it sounds very fishy).

      • by Scutter ( 18425 )

        The term "wiretap" doesn't literally mean "tapping an electronic communication". It refers to the general practice of eavesdropping on a conversation and is explicitly covered by New Jersey state statute N.J. Stat. 2A:156A-3, -4 and 18 U.S. Code 2511.
          So, yes, this is specifically covered under both state and federal wiretapping laws and neither of those make an exception for public spaces.

    • "Wiretapping" is listening to phone calls. Federal law doesn't restrict general recording of information. It is only the local laws that are relevant here.

      In my State, the requirement is that they post a sign that says they're recording. And so they post the sign. Done.

      A funny story, the local police got a warrant to tap a phone booth, but then after rolling-over the warrant a few times a judge told them that unless they were going to leave it off and only turn it on when a suspect was using the phone, they

    • by Ihlosi ( 895663 )
      Why aren't these systems running afoul of both state and federal wiretapping laws?

      Probably because they're recording sounds where there is no reasonable expectation of privacy.

  • by HalAtWork ( 926717 ) on Sunday July 03, 2016 @10:04AM (#52438473)

    This shit isn't necessary, and even the people installing it don't think so as the equipment is sitting there unused. Use the money for better teachers, enabling the poor, etc but not for useless expensive contracts that ultimately don't even have a clear goal or function.

  • Nice gadgets they have and little respect for the constitution, too. They have not up to this day demonstrated that these intrusive mass spying mechanisms and continuous and ever more severe invasion of privacy has brought any real results. It's as if they're just gathering information of every individual citizen for possible later use. Be it for prosecution of inconvenient individuals at a later time or for the purpose of creating a paper trail in a totally unrelated case.

    Absolutely nothing will change unt

    • by bmo ( 77928 )

      "They have not up to this day demonstrated that these intrusive mass spying mechanisms and continuous and ever more severe invasion of privacy has brought any real results. It's as if they're just gathering information of every individual citizen for possible later use. "

      It's about instant dossiers for people who become "problems" to the establishment. Proles don't have to worry. They're too busy trying to go along to get along. It's the people who shout words like "change" and "peace" and "corruption is

  • New Jersey isn't the only state where you now have even more reason to want to ride in the quiet car.

    Why would privacy be a reason for riding in the quiet car? You'd be better off in the noisy car if you want your conversation to be lost in the hubbub. And if you're not planning to have an incriminating (or otherwise) conversation, it doesn't matter which car you're in!

    • Good lord.

      Does this have to be spelled out for you in black and white?

      1) the DHS and its cronies want to have massive collection capabilities.

      2) They want to deny all FOIA attempts and subpoenas against their archival audio recordings.

      3) they behave as an unaccountable agency, that can do no wrong.

      Taken together, they can straight up fabricate that you said something, you cannot challenge it in court, and unless you can prove a negative, you will go to jail.

      So, yes-- it matters.

      • You have no idea how the court system (or government in general) works, do you?

        If the prosecutor can't establish where evidence came from, it's not admissible. Yes, it can be challenged by the defense, and those challenges have to be addressed. If the prosecutor can't provide a trail for the evidence from collection to the courtroom, it gets removed from the trial. If that was the prosecution's key evidence against you, you walk free.

        • If the prosecutor can't establish where evidence came from, it's not admissible.

          That's why prosecutors obfuscate where evidence comes from through the miscarriage of justice that is known as "parallel construction." That way, they can use the evidence without the legal risk of it being excluded.

          • Re: (Score:2, Informative)

            by Sarten-X ( 1102295 )

            That's not how parallel construction works, either.

            Parallel construction is where an investigator gets a tip from another agency (like the DEA or NSA) that indicated how to find evidence. Legally, it's no different from an anonymous tip, or a confidential informant. The investigators then get an appropriate warrant to gather that evidence, and that starts the chain of custody. Nothing is ever fabricated or obfuscated, except the source of the original tip.

            In preservation of the accused's fourth-amendment ri

            • by Hizonner ( 38491 )

              Legally, it's no different from an anonymous tip, or a confidential informant.

              Bullshit. "Fruit of the poisoned tree". It still means something in spite of SCOTUS' recent attempts to eviscerate it.

        • "The prosecution are unable to declare how the evidence was gathered due to reasons of national security"

          Judge: "oh, that's all right then. Objection denied"

      • Did you literally only read the words "it doesn't matter" before embarking on your rant?

        I said "it doesn't matter which car you're in," referring only to the somewhat nonsensical quip about the quiet car in the summary.

  • by Registered Coward v2 ( 447531 ) on Sunday July 03, 2016 @10:39AM (#52438619)
    Now we can just bitch and moan about how the service sucks and someone will actually listen to it...
  • Big Brother hears you. :(

  • This is why I avoid using public transport. I started avoiding it when they installed those video surveillance systems. Including audio surveillance just makes using it that much more objectionable.

  • in many cases with funding from the federal Department of Homeland Security

    "I don't mind paying taxes", claim the Statists. With them, they say, "we are buying civilization". How about it? Civilized yet?

    Me? I just try to ensure, my daughters grow up with good enough knowledge of Ukrainian to be able to hold a conversation in a language bound to remain unparsable by such equipment for decades to come... Celebrate diversity.

    What's your plan?

  • How else do you expect to run a public transit system? Run trains completely without any supervision 24/7? Hire more people to patrol the cars constantly? Who is going to pay for that, given that public transit systems already require massive subsidies for their operations?

    Come on you folks who advocate public transit: what is your solution?

  • Much like the airport, free speech will go right out the window and it will be illegal to say much of anything that might be taken out of context. This isn't about terrorism, it's about control.

    Yes, yes, " Fire " in a movie theater and all that. Toss in the " No expectation of privacy in a public place " BS while we're at it. Doesn't mean I want a camera and / or microphone recording every moment of my life for me, looking for any excuse at all to arrest me. Seems to fall under the " We'll just grab eve

  • I assume my state is not alone in banning the recording of voice without a warrant. Even security systems in stores are not allowed to record audio. So if this is being done by a bunch of agencies will that make it legal for the public to record each other? The day voice recording is allowed in businesses the public will learn just how widespread corruption is in business. Everything from sexual harassment to business owners trying to hire a killer to wipe out an enemy will be shockingly commonplace.

C for yourself.

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