Euro Patent Restart Demand Repeated by Parliament 204
sebFlyte writes "ZDNet UK is reporting that the European Parliament's Conference of Presidents has ratified and repeated the demands of the Parliament for the computer-implemented inventions directive to be sent back to the drawing board, even though the Commission has refused to re-start it after previous demands. From the article: "It is not certain that the Commission will comply with the request of the Parliament, nor that it will use the opportunity to draft a good text ... The new Commission is not obliged to follow the Parliament's request and they might still try to keep all options open and ask the Council to adopt the agreement of last May without a new vote, so as to gain even more options for themselves."
Profit Anyone? (Score:5, Interesting)
Re:Profit Anyone? (Score:2, Insightful)
Brian
economic reality check: (Score:3, Insightful)
Patents are NOT applied to where the invention is made, but where the patent is filed.
Logic dictates, thus, that EU-corporations *CAN* file and 'protect' their IP on the worldmarket: the only thing for that to happen is that they file their patent abroad, in countries where they have been stupid enough to allow them, such as the U
Bogeyman China (Score:3, Insightful)
We've done extremely well so far!
Are you saying 85% profit margins for MS are not enough incentive to develop software?
Your argument is fine if you develop something that would take 20 years to recoup your costs, but no version of software will be around in 4 years time , let alone 20 years time, so by reality it must be possible to recoup your costs in a much shorter space of time with software.
This is not correct (Score:4, Insightful)
Software patent have existing for about 10 years (more or less). So are you saying the economic value of software before 1994 was zero?
I'll assume I don't have to point to the multitude of examples that prove this to be false?
Re:Profit Anyone? (Score:5, Insightful)
The U.S. grew its industry rapidly by running roughshod over attempts by the European countries to control trade secrets & other forms of intellectual property. The U.S. wouldn't be where it is today economically if it had taken European whining about patents, copyright & such, seriously. It's only recently, as the primary economic superpower, that Americans suddenly think it's a good idea for everyone to let them control the flow of ideas & technology throughout the world.
Software & business model patents are being used to crush competition, rather than provide any kind of innovation for society's benefit. True entrepreneurs make money by providing desired goods & services, not by getting laws passed which let them earn money through extortion.
Re:Profit Anyone? (Score:3, Insightful)
You are confusing the issue (purposefully, it seems). You defend patents by saying 'IP protection is needed'. No-one is opposing that (as the status of copyright hasn't been challenged), so why do you need to say it?
Patenting software is not a black and white issue, and presenting it as such is underestimating your audience. No-one is saying patents do not have the positive effects you me
Re:Profit Anyone? (Score:2, Insightful)
It's simple in action - you cannot force me to sell at your price.
I alone make the final determination of the value of my property and may not be made to sell. This right is why eminent domain impinges on property rights. It forces you to sell.
And scarcity is not what you think it means. There is only one Microsoft Windows and one Firefox. There may be COPIES, but that does not change the scarcity of the original.
Twats (Score:5, Interesting)
I want a close and strong European Union -- I just don't want this European Union.
Re:Twats (Score:5, Funny)
Re:Twats (Score:4, Funny)
Except that isn't going to happen because civil servants are the very last people to actually let politicians influence government.
Documentary (Score:3, Funny)
Re:Twats (Score:2)
Re:Twats (Score:2)
What, after all, is the point in going through to all the trouble of an electoral process is a bunch of failed has-been politicians who are appointed with no direct electoral mandate can overrule with no justification required?
I remember in the 80s/90s one euro commissioner - Martin Bangemann (German) who spent an inordinate amount of time trying to limit motorcycle power output to 99bhp. Funnily enough, the only manufacturer whose entire product range already met this criteria was BMW
it's not that simple (Score:2)
The Commission itself is unelected, but it is composed of representatives from democratically elected member governments. That's no different from when a group of foreign ministers get together and hammer out agreements
Re:it's not that simple (Score:3, Informative)
Here in Denmark, for example, the government is appointed by our Queen. Our queen is the only danish citizen that is not allowed to have a political opinion (at least not publicly), so she is supposed to select the government that is best for Denmark, regardless of politics. Our democratically elected parliament can at any time sack our government with a simp
Re:it's not that simple (Score:4, Insightful)
You have a system by which you get a government and, for better or for worse, that government represents you. One of the things that government does is represent your interests in international bodies, including the EU. If you aren't happy with the way you get your government, that's a national problem. You could guillotine your queen and have a revolution, for example. However, most people do actually consider Denmark a democracy. Furthermore, I suspect your government would actually be free to ask the people and hold a referendum on its Commissioners.
If your government isn't acting the way your parliament wants it to, it sounds like your parliament has the option of dissolving it (I don't know how Danish government works), but apparently it doesn't care enough about this issue to take that step. That's not unusual, and it's by design: democracy does not mean that the majority, or even the majority of representatives, gets their will on every issue. It's similar in the US, where the Senate and the House are two separate bodies that control each other, and the executive branch has a lot of separate powers, and they aren't all always consistent with each other.
Historically, the Commission makes sense; giving lots of power to the European Parliament overnight would have been insane since people had no idea of how the politics would work out, while the Commission grew out of the mechanisms all member states were already using for interacting. Again, I don't like many of the decisions the Commission has been making, and it sounds like it's time to give more power to the European Parliament. But the fact that things are the way they are isn't the result of some insane European bureaucracy or anti-democratic movement, it's the prudent and natural way to achieve what the European Union is trying to achieve. European Parliament could easily have turned out to be a bunch of anti-democratic hoodlums and kooks, in which case we'd all be grateful that we didn't hand over power over our lives to them.
Re:it's not that simple (Score:2, Insightful)
I do not want to guillotine our queen and have a president instead, as I prefer a non-political head of State over a president.
But I would prefer if decisions by our parliament would be binding to our government. If that was the case for all EU governments, the software patent directive would have been dead now. (And Denmark would not (for the first time since 1864) have gone to war (against Iraq), since there was a mass
Re:it's not that simple (Score:2)
Well, again, I don't know the Danish system, but your parliament probably has that power: they can restrict your government from negotiating, voting, and/or otherwise engage in conduct that would oblige Denmark to implement software patents. The details of how to do this within your constitution (or basic law or whatever it is called) may be legally tricky, but there almost certainly would be a way.
A lot of politics wor
Re:Twats (Score:2)
That is exactly my sentiment too.
I don't mind giving more power to the EU (with some cultural safeguards, ofcourse), but not to this kind of undemocratic crap. One should resist the powergrabbing of the EU with all means, as long as a bunch of unelected bureaucrats are calling the shots.
Re:Twats (Score:2)
Worry not.
Soon, Dubya will make allegations of the EU's hidden WMD programs, and Airbus' corrupt "Planes for Food" scandal, and things will work out from there. . .
Re:Twits (Score:2)
Can some sort of intragovernmental lawsuit be filed, to put the greedy ones in their place?
Re:Twats (Score:2)
Until the Commission and the Council of Ministers prove that they will abide by the will of the people, I want no more part of it.
I'd patent Paper-Shuffling... (Score:5, Interesting)
The players:
European Parliament's Conference of Presidents
the Commission
the Parliament
The new Commission
the Council
Ok, I'm lost. Though I think I can see why nothing's happening.
It reminds me of a The Committee Game someone wrote on our PDP11 about 25 years ago. (The committee forms to form a plan of action to deal with the nefarious Kally Spaeth, but first they head up to McDonalds for refreshments in the arcane Dodge Dart, and generally it's a lot of running around without actually doing anything about the nefarious Kally Spaeth. I think it was in parody.)
It's highly worrying... (Score:5, Insightful)
Re:It's highly worrying... (Score:3, Insightful)
Hmmm. As geeks we know what to do when a system becomes unresponsive . . . REBOOT!
Re:It's highly worrying... (Score:2)
Re:It's highly worrying... (Score:2)
The problem is, politics is a fork bomb.
And each committee does a setsid, so you can't kill off process groups wholesale.
What it Looks Like to Me (Score:2)
In the USA: Corporation pays candidate huge bribes^wcampaign donations. Candidate passes laws for corporations. If public gets bent too out of shape about something, candidate helps pass some half-ass law that won't address the problem and shows the public something shiny to distract them.
In Europe: Unelected and unaccountable organizations bow to
Yes, you've got a problem over there (Score:3, Interesting)
Who is in charge over there?
How is the government supposed to work?
Why do they vote on some things and not others?
Are there multiple mechanisms to pass laws?
Are the "parliament" and the "commission" similar to our "house" and "senate"?? That would explain the back and forth, but it doesn't look like
Re:Yes, you've got a problem over there (Score:3, Informative)
Re:Yes, you've got a problem over there (Score:3, Informative)
The EU is not, yet, the government of europe. Each member state (UK, France, Poland etc) has their own internal government. Which powers the national governments have delegated in whole or in part to the EU is governed by a series of treaties. These treaties include managing the euro, human rights, environmental law, regional development and trade regulation, off the top of my head. Foreign policy and national taxation
This is exactly why further integration is needed (Score:5, Insightful)
For instance the parliament still has little power, but without it this directive would have been passed months ago. Without EU at all, it would have been passed years ago under pressure from US-based megacorporations.
I'd say that even though the situation is dangerous, it shows that the European parliament is perfectly doing its job and representing the will of the European people, and counterbalancing the ivory power that is the Commission. In particular, kudos to Michel Rocard, former French Prime Minister and one of the main forces in this legislative fight. A friend of mine met him when he was just starting to discover the issue; and he was pleasantly suprised to find how he listened to anti patent arguments and quickly acquired knowledge and decided to act.
This happens in the US (Score:2)
Then in the final vote, you have to either vote to support the final bill and the hundreds of billions of dollars of pork or risk being branded as being "against our troops, our country and our freedom".
Something analogous to this is happening in the EU at the moment. The Commission can't enact the law on its own but it does con
OK, question (Score:5, Insightful)
Also, question: Is the EU parliament in the end going to be, or are they right now, as pissed off about this as Slashdot seems to be? I mean, whether the parliament cares about patents or not, you'd think. In the U.S. if a branch of government got outright snubbed like this they'd probably wind up doing everything in their power to kill the idea of software patents forever, even if they didn't really care about software patents, just out of spite
Re:OK, question (Score:2)
However, I am sure as hell that they do not like being ignored. Having your powerlessness so exposed is like having someone insult your mother - it makes you very, very angry.
I wouldn't be surprised (well, I would, if only a little bit) if the EU Parliament (again) excercised their right to completely kick-out the Commission. It would be a constitutional crisis, albeit probably a
Re:OK, question (Score:5, Informative)
This is a bit like the US legislature. They can pass laws, but the Justice Department can fail to enforce them (or the FCC can ignore them, etc.). If the Executive Branch department fails to respond, they can complain to the President, who can fire people. If the President fails to do anything, they can impeach him. This is, in fact, what happened to Andrew Johnson (backwards; he fired an executive for doing what Congress wanted), although he was acquitted by one vote.
So this is another step with which the Parliament can try to exert influence on the other branches without actually going all the way and using their actual power, which would be enormously disruptive to everything.
Note that the Parliament can also reject the directive on the second reading, but it's difficult and depends on enough MEPs actually showing up that day; if Parliament complains enough beforehand, the Commission is more likely to think that enough MEPs will show up to the vote to kill it, and the less interested they are in pushing the Council's text through (the Commission's mandate is to get some directive passed on software patents, because the current situation is broken, and their job is to get broken situations resolved in some way or other). If it's going to get killed in the second reading, they would rather save face and restart the process; if it's not going to get killed in the second reading, they want to get it done.
Okay I'm from the US (Score:3, Informative)
Is the fear that there are enough votes in the Council that this will pass?
Re:Okay I'm from the US (Score:3, Informative)
"This is bad"
"We can't hear you"
This is a common process in the EU and is also used for passing many other pieces of stupid law (like the EUCD - our DMCA variant). Countries all go "Oh this is terrible but the EU made us do it" while detailed analysis will reveal that *they* put it through the EU themselves, intentionally, so they could all deny knowledge of it.
The EU has some serious reforms needed. It isn't clear
What the ?????? (Score:5, Interesting)
Does the EU even *have* a government? This is so confusing! Motions that can be executed with no vote, organizational groups that do what they want regardless of the vote? What gives? It's like the thing was designed *by*, bureucrats *for* bureaucrats, and voting is just a technicality.
Can somebody help to make me less ignorant and point me at an online EU-civics 101 tutorial that outlines how the EU government is organized, what are the responsibilities of the major components and a general overview of the rules?
Please?
Re:What the ?????? (Score:5, Informative)
It's like the thing was designed *by*, bureucrats *for* bureaucrats
Well, and I don't mean this in a bad-way, that's pretty much how the EU was set-up - or, more accurately, that's how the fore-runner(s) of the EU were set-up. Six European nations decided to have a coal and steel agreement. One thing led to another, over a long period, and with other nations joining at semi-regular intervals. The decisions were taken by career politicians and bureaucrats. It's comparatively recent that we've even had a parliament, and still more recent that we've actually been permitted to elect the members of said parliament.
Re: EU-civics-101. I'll second that. We - even those of us in Europe - desperately need to know how the hell our continent is run.
Re:What the ?????? (Score:5, Informative)
http://europa.eu.int/institutions/index_en.htm [eu.int]
Take a look at the dropdown box in the upper right side of your browser window for different languages.
Re:What the ?????? (Score:4, Informative)
No, At least not a democratic one.
It's like the thing was designed *by*, bureucrats *for* bureaucrats
That's essentially true.
Also, there's the parliament that is
a) a nursing home for politicians that some national party can't get rid off because of prior achievements or
b) has to move out of sight for a couple of years because of national affairs.
c) Also "parliament" sounds somewhat democratic; but don't give them real power because otherwise they might stop you from getting things done -
like introducing software patents against Europe's interests.
and point me at an online EU-civics 101 tutorial that outlines how the EU government is organized
This [dadalos-europe.org] looks promising (from the "International UNESCO Education Server for Civic, Peace and Human Rights Education").
Also, there is a very short overview [eu.int] on the(?) EU site.
Re:What the ?????? (Score:2)
EU Law Trails? (Score:4, Interesting)
The players:
- EU Parliament
- EU Commission
- EU Council
- Any others (like, eg, some kind of "EU Parliament/Council Reconciliation Committe")?
Re:EU Law Trails? (Score:4, Informative)
The EUROPA site [eu.int] which I found this handy-dandy flowchart [eu.int] on! With that many steps, no wonder it's confusing!
Re:EU Law Trails? (Score:2)
Re:EU Law Trails? (Score:3, Interesting)
The European Commission [wikipedia.org]
Re:EU Law Trails? (Score:2)
Disgraceful FUD on BBC (Score:5, Insightful)
As a BBC license payer, I'm incensed that they could be spreading such FUD. Since when has Linux "eschewed the notion of property"?
Just because the open source community is vehemently opposed to software patents, doesn't mean that they don't support the "notion of property". Without such notions as copyright for instance, the GPL would be impossible.
Re:Disgraceful FUD on BBC (Score:4, Insightful)
As a BBC license payer, I'm appalled by the factual inaccuracy in the "EU software patent law faces axe" article.
The statement is made that "The open source movement, of which Linux is the flagbearer, eschews notions of property and instead allows anyone to examine and tinker with the inner workings of software."
This is nonsense, verging on the libellous. The open source movement has no such stance. Even minimal fact checking would quickly reveal that the Gnu Public License, under which much of today's open source software, including Linux, is released, depends fundamentally on the protections and rights granted by copyright.
The concept that the open source movement seeks to destroy any sense of property is precisely the sort of scare story being pushed by large computer manufacturers in their attempt to railroad the software patents directive through the European parliament.
I expect better from a supposedly neutral and unbiased news organisation.
Re:Disgraceful FUD on BBC (Score:2)
Re:Disgraceful FUD on BBC (Score:2)
The GPL would be unnecessary. Anyone has the right to copy everything as much as they wish (as it should be) so why not release the source too.
Property is theft. -- Pierre Joseph Proudhon.
Re:Disgraceful FUD on BBC (Score:2)
Hence it could be argued that the BSD license benfits freeloaders, while the GPL benefits the community as a whole, something that would not be possible without the protection of copyright.
Re:Disgraceful FUD on BBC (Score:3, Insightful)
Just because the open source community is vehemently opposed to software patents, doesn't mean that they don't support the "notion of property". Without such notions as copyright for instance, the GPL would be impossible.
Then why are you telling us? Write to the BBC...
My complaint to the BBC (Score:3, Insightful)
I am outraged at the apalling bias and factual misrepresentation in the BBC article, "EU software patent law faces axe".
First, the bias. The article presents the view of a limited sector of the IT industry with "CompTIA, an umbrella organization for technology companies, said only when intellectual property was adequately protected would European inventors prosper."
They certainly don't represent my technology business!
Where is the view of that other sector of the IT industry: tho
This is great news (Score:2, Interesting)
EU structure (Score:5, Interesting)
Conference of Presidents, Council, Commission, Parliament.... For the poor confused Americans among us, could somebody draw us the European equivalent of the "how a bill becomes law" flow chart? I'm completely lost.
--Bruce Fields
Re:EU structure (Score:2, Interesting)
-> 2. the draft is juggled between the comission and the parliament for years
-> 3. in case of a directive the member states can play with the law for a few years before putting it to force
-> 4. the comission tries to see if all the laws in member states are roughly the same that the comission and parliament passed
-> 5a. if a small member state has unlawful deviations from the law passed by comission an
Re:EU structure (Score:2)
The problem is, right now so are the Europeans [bbc.co.uk].
Summary, for those too lazy to click: 9/10 Europeans polled in January knew "little or nothing" about the European consititution.
Re:EU structure (Score:3, Funny)
Re:EU structure (Score:2)
Greetings from Europe
Re:EU structure (Score:5, Funny)
Dear sir:
Thank you for your interest in the political structure of the European Union! To better accommodate your request, we have set up a comission who will meet and discuss the best possible way to handle your inquiry. The committee will hold its first meeting whenever the participating local councils meet to select the representatives needed for the first meeting of the committee.
With kindest regards,
The helpdesk committee
Re:EU structure (Score:4, Funny)
Re:EU structure (Score:4, Funny)
Re:EU structure (Score:2)
I don't think there is a simple explaination because the system is inherently complex. If you care to understand it, have fun reading.
Re:EU structure (Score:2, Informative)
So, if a government wants to do something unpopular, they lobby for it in the EU, and then create a Directive. Then they implement that directive in local law, and when the people complain, they blame the EU for it. That allows them to work against the people and for big cor
Interesting term from TFA: (Score:3, Funny)
So Europe has 'pressure groups', while America has lobbyists. Maybe that's our problem -- '**AA lobbyist' sounds too warm and fuzzy. They should be renamed 'motion picture pressure group' or 'recording industry pressure group'. That's got a nice evil ring to it.
Re:Interesting term from TFA: (Score:2)
Re:Interesting term from TFA: (Score:4, Funny)
Is EU really democratic? (Score:5, Informative)
Nobody wanted this in the first place - except patent lawyers, patent offices and a few large software companies.
Before the directive was proposed by the European Commission, software patents were rejected twice by governments at international diplomat conferences on the change of the European Patent Convention.
Before the directive was proposed the European Commission held a public hearing. 91% of those responding were against software patents. 47% of the rest were patent lawyers and patent offices.
When the European Commission proposed the directive they sent out a press release saying the directive was to make software less patentable (liars!).
The only elected institution in EU is the European Parliament. Here the proposed directive was amended to not allowing unlimited patentability of all software and business metods.
Later the European Counsil amended the directive again, undoing most of the amendments the the Parliament did.
And now the European Commission and the Counsil (both non-elected, but appointed) are pressing to go through with the directive, completely ignoring the rights of the European Parliament.
Re:Is EU really democratic? (Score:2)
Of course, that doesn't prevent the same ministers from turning round as soon as they return to their home countries, and blaming unpopular legislation on the EU council...
Sounds like Europe inverted "Separation of Powers" (Score:2)
In the US system the whole thrust is to keep the government from running wild and stomping the people.
First the powers are limited.
Second, they are split up among three branches, so each has only its own powers and can't run the whole show.
Third, each branch has various impediments to the use of its powers, to slow them and/or require the cooperation of at least one other branch to get things done.
Fourth, each pair of branches has a mechanis
An EU primer (Score:4, Informative)
I question this. (Score:2, Insightful)
I for one will question this.
Perhaps Mr. Lueders can show how one can start up a software company from scratch now in the U.S., without having to worry about a frivolous patent infringement lawsuit? Or without having to sell out a significant stake in your company to Venture Capitalists in order to pay for lawyers (and not developers)?
As mentioned recently on
I'm Confused bt this please explain... (Score:2)
Same old problems with international orgs. (Score:2)
1. Somebody proposes an international organization that will server a higher goal than the interests of member states. For instance, the U.N will be a forum for peace as it has no nationalistic interests. The WTO will enforce free trade rules as it has no nationalistic interests. The EU governments will break down nationalistic barriers.
2. The organization starts working but quickly d
The Commission and new legislation (Score:2)
1. Proposing new legislation
Under the Treaty, the Commission has the "right of initiative". In other words, it is responsible for drawing up proposals for new European legislation, which it presents to Parliament and the Council. These proposals must aim to defend the interests of the Union and its citizens, not those of specific countries or industries.
Anyone else than me that found the part about "not those of ... or industries" interestin
Who are the bad guys? (Score:2)
In other news (Score:3, Funny)
Well god damn it, I'm still right: (Score:2)
Innovation vs. Copying? (Score:3, Insightful)
From TFA, Hugo Leuders of pro-patent CompTIA said:
Seems to me that he's obscuring the fact that "imitation and copying" is an important part of most innovation. We'd never be where we are without it.
Re:would this invalidate the GPL? (Score:5, Informative)
Re:would this invalidate the GPL? (Score:2)
Re:would this invalidate the GPL? (Score:3, Informative)
if software CAN'T be patented, then couldn't one LEGALLY take that unpatented open source code and make a commercial product out of it
No, because the open source code is still copyrighted. (Patents != Copyright). Patents are more general than copyrights, pplying to ideas rather than realisations (and, please, IANAL - someone speak up if I've missed out/messed up).
What patents bring to the table is the ability for someone to patent a concept (one-click purchasing, say) and then prevent anyone else from
Re:would this invalidate the GPL? (Score:2)
Patents fill this gap by giving limited protection to an invention.
Business method & Software patents really hose all this thinking by allowing concepts to be patented rather than an implementation.
Re: (Score:2)
Re:would this invalidate the GPL? (Score:2, Insightful)
Just because it isn't patented, doesn't mean that copyright protection goes away. In fact as things stand right now almost no GPL code in existance uses patented algorithms.
Re:would this invalidate the GPL? (Score:3, Interesting)
You are confusing patents with copyright.
The GPL conveys a concept for usage rights and copyright terms.
Re:would this invalidate the GPL? (Score:5, Informative)
Re:would this invalidate the GPL? (Score:2, Informative)
Re:would this invalidate the GPL? (Score:4, Informative)
The GPL does not make any distinction between 'commercial' or 'non-commercial' distribution. Any and all distribution must follow the terms of the GPL. Commercial or not doesn't enter the picture.
Don't you know there are commercial linux distributions out there?
And patents and copyrights are completely different forms of protection. You can't patent music. But that doesn't mean it isn't protected by copyright.
Re:Duuuuuuuuh! (Score:2)
Re:Calling all Euros (Score:3, Interesting)
It's primarily a trading body, but has pretentions to be more than that.
The EU Commission is appointed by the individual member states, so whilst we can't vote for them directly we can kick out the morons who put them there.
The EU Parliament is directly elected, but has little actual power - there are too many vested interests to ever give it any real power... it makes decisions over minor matters.
The European Court is the bit that keeps the countries in line with their treaty
Re:Calling all Euros (Score:2)
Re:Calling all Euros (Score:3, Informative)
It's actually even more complicated than that. There are two different "European courts":
Re:Calling all Euros (Score:2)
The sad thing is that the elected Parliament is having debates over mostly minor matters while the unelected Commission dictates the major part of EU "directives" which are later on transmitted for application to each member nation's lawmaking institutions. No further debate is necessary: The Commission has ruled.
This was fine as long as the Commission wa only issuing directives on standardizing the sizes of windshield wipers and the percentage of synthetic fiber in wool
Re:Alright, so which is it? (Score:2)
If you "request" that someone does something, you can bet there is going to be trouble if they don't.
Re:EU Bureaucracy (Score:3, Insightful)
And it's a damned good thing they did push the vote that way IMO. Nobody wants or needs this law. Everything is fine just as it is now, but there's a push by large US software companies to try to break our system just like theirs.
It would be enough to reduce the enforcable period (Score:3, Interesting)
We're clever enough to come up with our own techniques in the short term to compete with closed source companies doing interesting short term things. I'd have no complaint with that level of competition. If a technique is really crucial and unavoidable, we can just wait a couple of years.
It's the medium to long term which is a problem, because we all converge on the same techniques - they are quite fundamental after all - and we need to be able to use our ideas in a reasonable time fram