All Encompassing Patents 283
SpicyMcHaggas writes "Looks like another bogus lawsuit over an incredibly broad patent on something that already exists. StarChamber, an online strategy and collectible card game seems to be one of the infringing factors, along with a player ranking system on the site. The patent supposedly covers any sort of ranking system that indicates a player's proficiency in said game. This sort of practice is what deters would-be great games from making it into the gaming world."
Proficiency? (Score:5, Insightful)
Re:Proficiency? (Score:3, Funny)
Re:Obligatory Simpsons Quote (Score:2)
Re:Proficiency? (Score:3, Interesting)
Does anyone know if MegaWars still exists in any format?
Re:Proficiency? (Score:3, Funny)
Remember, if you add on the internet to the end of any existing idea, it's suddenly a completely new idea!
For instance . . . do your taxes -- ON THE INTERNET!
read a book . . . ON THE INTERNET!
send a letter . . . ON THE INTERNET!
subject (Score:3, Funny)
Sorry.... (Score:2)
You are infringing on my patent! Recycling old jokes ON THE INTERNET... /. and rake in my billions!!!
Now to read more
;)
Tm
Obvious (Score:5, Insightful)
Re:Obvious (Score:5, Insightful)
They didn`t. But they know the Patent Office forgets it all too often.
Or, to be precice. They know that the Patent Office has neither the manpower nor the machinepower to check all sources of prior art and therefor is liable to overlook the bleeding obvious.
Re:Obvious (Score:3, Insightful)
Patent craziness... (Score:4, Informative)
Re:Patent craziness... (Score:5, Insightful)
Usually people like to blame the lawyers, and there are ambulance-chasers who are worthy of blame. But the lawyer's job is to represent the client as aggressively as the law allows. If I were facing a legal situation, I would certainly expect no less from my lawyer. I remember an injury lawyer's TV ad from Boston: "Other lawyers call me an S.O.B., but I'm your S.O.B.".
If a person wants to take advantage of a legal loophole, why blame the lawyer? Why not blame the law (for being bad), the legislators (for not fixing it) or the person (for unethically exploiting it)?
Re:Patent craziness... (Score:2, Insightful)
Which is precisely the problem.
No longer are we using the "spirit" of the law, we are arguing about the "letter" of the law.
So if you are caught drinking and driving, you get a lawyer to argue some obscure point of law to get you off.
But you WERE drinkng and driving, and therefore breaking the spirit of th
Re:Patent craziness... (Score:2)
I'm disturbed by this line of reasoning, because down this path lies the tyrrany of the majority and incompetent policing.
In the final analysis, the only person who knows whether you were drinking and driving is you. However, few people are honorable enough to admit to their mistakes and suffer the consequences.
Most of the obscure points of law exist for a reason, and those reasons are usually to protect the rights of the accused. I think we
Re:Patent craziness... (Score:4, Insightful)
Re:Patent craziness... (Score:2, Insightful)
I mean even if it were possible for the average person to affordably, and conveniently resolve a frivilous lawsuit against them, someone still has to pay the lawyers for it. Not many lawyers are going to work for free, even if the cases are total bullshit.
Re:Patent craziness... (Score:2)
Terrible analogy. In my example, everything is perfectly legal, and the lawyer is acting as an agent for the person. In your example, the act of burglary is illegal, and I am in no way acting as your "agent" or "represen
Re:Patent craziness... (Score:2)
No, the main problem with the analogy was that in my case, the lawyer is representing the client. Thus, the client should be blamed for being a jerk, not the lawyer. In the AC's case, by leaving my door unlocked, I am not acting as an agent or representative for the burglar, nor is the burglar acting as my agent. Thus, the burglar can be blamed for his actions.
I would be disturbed if lawyers suddenly banded together
Re:Patent craziness... (Score:2)
So you're saying that lawyers should decide which laws are good and which are bad? Funny, I don't remember electing any of them.
Re:Patent craziness... (Score:2)
Re:Patent craziness... (Score:2)
Re:Patent craziness... (Score:2)
Considering the Patent Content (Score:5, Interesting)
If Im reading this right, they should be suing WoTC, Blizzard, and, well, everybody... Problem is this guy isnt dumb enough to go after somebody who can fight back... Wonder what the chances of getting the EFF or someone similair involved is...
Re:Considering the Patent Content (Score:2)
It wasn't over the "internet" but close enough.
I used to telnet into BBSes back when the internet and BBS worlds overlapped. I think you could argue that anything that could be done on a BBS could be done 'over the internet', since they didn't exclude telnet from their claim. I would hope that a decent lawyer could then argue that anything done on a BBS would be prior art. But, I'm not a lawyer, so perhaps my rules of logic don't play in the world of law.
Hmm... (Score:4, Informative)
You make this claim as if this is something that has been looming over the gaming industry for years, but frankly, it's not, and chances are there is tons of prior art to boot. Let's all remember that the USPTO's job is to deal with paperwork, not to deal with prior art; that's what the courts are for.
Re:Hmm... (Score:5, Interesting)
The courts are a crummy way to deal with prior art: its expensive, and judges aren't trained in technology. Patent examiners are. A patent examiner generally has a college degree in the field to which he (or she) is assigned.
I don't see an easy solution. Properly investigating prior art takes a really long time. Dealing with the vast mass of paperwork applicants file takes a really long time. I can just see the lawyer for this applicant badgering the bejeezus out of this patent examiner. Or maybe he just rubber-stamped the top of the pile and went home.
Patent examiners are like teachers: we expect them to do what should be incredibly valuable work, then pay them badly and overwork them. That's never an excuse for doing a bad job, but what doesn't excuse an individual should come as no surprise for the group.
2 Fixes for Prior Art (Score:2)
Also there should be some sort of loser pays system in which someone trying to enforce a patent and loses has to pay the other side's fees.
Anyone have any other ideas, perhaps an in house appeals process that is cheaper then going to court? Increased fees for filing patents, and more staff for the patent office?
Re:2 Fixes for Prior Art (Score:3, Interesting)
But I do like your idea for in-house appeals. If somebody sues me for patent infringement on a patent which is obvious or ridden with prior art, it would be nice to be able to file a document with USPTO to have the patent invalidated.
Unfortunately, the time periods are a problem. The USPTO's wheels grind slowly: a patent often takes years to grant, and I don't expe
Sounds like the lastest excuse for Duke Nukem... (Score:2, Funny)
Re:Hmm... (Score:5, Informative)
It doesn't matter how much prior art there is - plan to spend $100k to prove you're right.
This is why the patent system sucks.
Re:Hmm... (Score:3, Insightful)
> with prior art; that's what the courts are for.
Lets kindly not remember that, and I ask that you forget that incorrect bit of info as well.
In the USPTO's Manual of Patent Examining Procedure [uspto.gov] it clearly states in this section [uspto.gov]:
1.104 Nature of examination.
(a) Examiner's action.
(1) On taking up an application for examination or a patent in a reexamination proceeding, the examiner shall make a thorough study thereof an
Geez, we did it long ago... (Score:5, Interesting)
I of course, must reserve judgement until I study the actual patents in question. It always hurts to do this, they are written to obfuscate. As a side note to the whole patent mess, I think plain english contract law concepts should be adopted for patent descriptions.
a ranking system... (Score:5, Funny)
Last post? (Score:5, Funny)
Sounds like slashdot could be in the line of fire.
Re:Last post? (Score:5, Funny)
Karma: Classified (mostly affected by frivolous lawsuits)
Ranking systems patent (Score:5, Funny)
Hmmmm... (Score:5, Insightful)
Actually, I don't think it does. Can someone name a game that hasn't been made due to broad patent that patents something pre-existing?
Re:Hmmmm... (Score:3, Insightful)
Re:Hmmmm... (Score:2)
Re:Hmmmm... (Score:2)
How precisely are we to name something that doesn't exist?
Stop fucking with my head, bro.
Re:Hmmmm... (Score:2)
How about this... Can someone name a game that had started to be produced and was stopped due to a broad patent based on a pre-existing idea?
And in unrelated news... (Score:4, Funny)
Oh come ON (Score:2)
I believe about 2000 years ago, the olympic athletes were awarded gold, silver, and bronze medals......
Simon
Re:Oh come ON (Score:2)
I believe about 2000 years ago, the olympic athletes were awarded gold, silver, and bronze medals...
You believe wrongly. The three medals are a modern invention, dating to the 1896 games. The original prizes were olive-branch garlands, and the very valuable respect of your countrymen (including such things as statues, poems composed in your honor, and basically everyone wanting to be your friend). Think of it as being like college sports.
For the real skinny, read a little of Pausanias [tufts.edu],
who wrote his "
Re:Oh come ON (Score:2)
Simon
Case's Ladder (Score:5, Interesting)
Re:Case's Ladder (Score:2, Informative)
Re:Case's Ladder (Score:2)
Re:Case's Ladder (Score:2)
I did happen to RTFA. I think the problem is you're mistaking the patent info I quoted as a Case patent when it's actually the Goldberg one [uspto.gov].
I put up the quote from the Goldberg Patents to show that their patent is dated December 1996, which was after Case had already implemented some prior art. I don't know if Case tried to patent his system (I suspect not; trying to patent a ladder system as "new" just beca
Re:Case's Ladder (Score:2)
If I find out any more info from Case I'll
Great News! (Score:5, Interesting)
From the job post, uh oh... (Score:2)
"For CTAP and ICTAP, well qualified means that the applicant is eligible, qualified, and clearly exceeds qualification requirements for the position as demonstrated by either: (1) Meeting selective and qualify ranking factor levels as specified by the agency; or (2).."
Re:From the job post, uh oh... (Score:2)
Why go after Starchamber... (Score:5, Insightful)
Next step, move up the food chain. Keep trying to get more licenses so you are armored when it comes time to go after the big boys.
Secondly, you don't want to go after someone with obvious prior art.
My understanding is the patents are specific to casino games. Not sure why they went after Starchamber in particular.
yeah... (Score:2)
StarChamber Initiate
Joined: Jan 16, 2004
Posts: 2
Posted: Sat Jan 24, 2004 8:48 pm
Post subject:
Post it to slashdot. Maybe some one there can help ya
Back to top
yeah! But seriously, This has got to be one of the stupidest patents ever issued. Why not go after Microsoft's Zone.com or AOL's game area? I know I used to play Harpoon Online and Air Warrior on AOL, (many years ago, mind you) and they had player rankings.
Ruining it for everyone (Score:5, Interesting)
I naturally assumed that it would be large corporations that would find a way to squeeze everything off the web that wasn't run by large corporations, but now I think that it's the patent trolls and the spammers that are going to slow the expansion and development of the web and other internet services to a crawl. No-one other than the big boys can do anything on the web without having to worry about someone popping up and saying, "Ah, hold it right there, I own the whole concept of what it is you're trying to do," and even the large corporations are being stung by this trend.
Oh, and BTW, according to youmaybenext.com, PanIP has been sending threatening notices to more small businesses, despite (or because of) the fact that their (his) e-commerce patent is currently being re-examined.
Live in the EU? Don't just complain, take action! (Score:5, Informative)
For more information please look here [ffii.org].
I am doing my part [slashdot.org] - are you?
The Pit and AutoDuel (Score:3, Informative)
Definitely before the "Internet". What year was this patent registered? It mentions the "net" as an example of game data transmission.
Never made it to the top of The Pit... but I'm not bitter (damn you Sheriff of Nottingham!!)
Re:The Pit and AutoDuel (Score:2)
Does the game being "attacked" in this nonsense transmit the game over the network of just ingame data? They seem to not be displaying
And Netrek (Score:2)
And I must inform all of you that you may be intruding on my patent for exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide across a thin, moist membrane. I'm gonna own all of you bitches!
Perfect Prior Art? (Score:5, Interesting)
Re:Perfect Prior Art? (Score:2)
Re:Perfect Prior Art? (Score:3, Informative)
Re:Perfect Prior Art? (Score:5, Informative)
Not just games, banner ads and other stuff too (Score:5, Insightful)
Additionally, many of the claims of the Goldberg Patents are not limited to games. For example, some claims of the Goldberg Patents are broadly directed to network-based persentations, i.e. changing advertising such as pop-up advertising or rotating banners, in connection with network services
With that being the case, why didn't they go after the pop-up spammers first?
Bet me there won't be a follow-up story... (Score:2)
Another story of how the sky is falling. It's not. That stupid patent hasn't deterred any "would-be great games from making it into the gaming world."
Stupid patents will happen. Some people on Slashdot currently get bent out of shape when they hear about a stupid patent, usually connecting it with the out of control lawyers. Well, guess what? It wasn't a lawyer who decided to apply for such a stupid patent. It was some jackass who thought they could capitalize on someth
Re:Bet me there won't be a follow-up story... (Score:2)
A lawyer is like a gun: almost entirely harmless until you point it at someone.
Re:Bet me there won't be a follow-up story... (Score:2)
More weight?? (Score:2)
Don't ask me, I do think its funny they chose them instead of Sony or Mythic.
looking at the patent abstracts... (Score:5, Interesting)
So, apparently he's patented all online capable gaming machines (and the networks) as well...
Re:looking at the patent abstracts... (Score:2)
A rule which might help fix the litigation system: (Score:3, Funny)
Or something similar. My point is this: I think the premise of the lawyer being the aggressive lawmucking servant of the plaintiff/defendant must be discontinued. There ought to be VERY strong incentives in the rules of litigation for the lawyer to encourage honesty and justice. With REAL CONSEQUENCES. With the current system, we have no shortage of shysters who can get away with warping the truth because hey, they're just the attorney. If we fix that, a lot of frivolous lawsuits should disappear. Imagine every SCO lawyer jumping ship very early in the game.
Re:A rule which might help fix the litigation syst (Score:2)
If a lawyer's offense/defense can, in the slightest regard, be construed as dishonest or in bad faith, then the lawyer ought to be in danger of undergoing the fate the client would have in the case of a loss.
Would this apply only to civil cases or criminal as well? Is defending an "obviously guilty" murderer grounds for being thrown in prison? Why should attorneys not have the right to use every accepted method of winning the case? There are rules and stipulations to follow, you know. If the judges are
Fair access to counsel (Score:2)
A lawyer would then before acting on either side of the suit would want to understand the case, and prepare his defence if they rule the case was frivolous. This in turn would drive up the cost of legal action, which wouldn't bother some, but could prove even more damaging to others.
People are settling even when they could win because they know the legal costs are enough to finish them, double legal costs and it will only get worse.
Prior Art is HARD to find (Score:2)
It is very hard to find good prior art.
Just being the same, and doing the same thing isn't quite enough.
It needs to solve the same problem, by doing the same thing, in the same way, and be the same.
Things as silly and obvious as putting a CVT on a lawmower blade (to keep it at at the same speed) using off the shelf components could be considered a patentable idea, if it is done for a non obvious reason. (ie better mulching performance)
Patents in question (Score:2, Informative)
Patent 5,823,879 patents a web-based internet-enabled method of playing Blackjack, as specifically stated in the patent.
Patent 6,183,366 patents a method of "
a service providing computational system for providing a first of the users with a requested corresponding instance of the informational service, wherein the instance includes a plurality of user interactions, via the network, with the serv
A little about the game (Score:5, Informative)
Firstly, it is a collectable card game. All cards are virtual with no real counterparts (ala Magic: The Gathering Online), and with no plans to.
Resellers are provided to sell individual cards or "Event Tickets" which let you play in tournaments. However, to play the game online with other people, you don't have to pay anything at all: however, to play ranked games, and to play in tournaments, you must make a purchase from the official Star Chamber Card Store located here [starchamber.net]. Generally, $20 will get you on your way, but $30 will get you the best all-around set to start trading and creating effective decks to play ranked games with.
Considering this game is so small, its reviews have been fantastic. It seems most of the current player set has either heard the collective praise from Gamespot's glowing review [gamespot.com] (8.8) or Tycho's Penny Arcade [penny-arcade.com] mentions.
However, the good reviews still pour in from GameZone [gamezone.com] and Ferrago [ferrago.com].
I heard about this game about a month ago. Since that time, I can't fathom how much this game has endeared itself to me. As soon as I saw the lack of a good community website, I began to build one [scwatch.net] with the help of another community member with the same idea. Then I built a non-profit card store to help further the game, using osCommerce [oscommerce.com], located at scfans.net [scfans.net], though there are other resellers on the books, such as Gameguys [gameguys.cc] and IBK [ibkonline.com], to be completely fair.
The bottom line is, in terms of pure gameplay fun, excitement, and community involvement (the developer, Paul aka Merakon, is on almost every evening, and his support in getting SCWatch.net [scwatch.net] up and running has been stellar to say the least.
If you dig a good strategy game, I don't think you'll be disappointed.
Don't like it? Then do something! (Score:4, Interesting)
But you want to know something? In her class of 120 law students, 3 come from a science background (none from comp sci). Most hold art or business degrees, and if you look at the website for most big law firms, you'll see that this is true for almost all of their IP lawyers as well. That's a pretty telling sign that there's a huge need for lawyers with a background that is based in science.
When she's done school, I'm going to follow in her footsteps. I'll be going for a law degree, and with my comp sci background perhaps I, too, could make a difference when it comes to stopping this madness.
Or did you expect this to just go away by itself?
Re:Al Gore (Score:2, Informative)
Re:Patents help. (Score:5, Insightful)
* Note: I'm talking about people like PanIP, etc. who obviously do not plan on creating anything useful except a business around patent litigation.
Re:Patents help. (Score:4, Interesting)
Feel free to correct me if this is not a workable solution - I assume there have to safeguards to stop people abusing this system to get valid patents revoked, but it must be possible to have a post-granting review of really stupid patents.
Alternatively perhaps a body such as the EFF could assemble a group of technical consultants from amongst the community to assist the Patent Office. I'm sure they would get a few volunteers from people who have recieved letters with a 'SCO' letterhead.
Re:Patents help. (Score:5, Insightful)
the problem isn't patents but what can be patented. you can patent, say, a rocket ship design but the core concept of setting fire to fuel to create force shouldn't be patentable.
maybe i should just patent f=ma and retire rich...
Re:Patents help. (Score:2, Informative)
You basically can't patent something that's just "process on the internet". You have to invent a software method that's truly original (like say a new method of indexing/compressing).
Re:Patents help. (Score:5, Informative)
The European Parliaments's version [ffii.org] however, completely bans software patents. It's this democratically constructed version of the directive (instead of the one written by the BSA and patent lawyers) that we in Europe are now defending and fighting for.
Re:Patents help. (Score:3, Informative)
Re:Patents help. (Score:5, Insightful)
What should be obvious in this instance, and in many others, is that patents are proving to be an ever increasing barrier to creation and productivity. What's worse, is that the creativity that patents are shutting out is the creativity of the individual inventor, who is not able to afford million dollar lawyers to push his case. That is the exact opposite effect that patents should be having.
Re:Patents help. (Score:5, Informative)
The real difference between invention and software patent is that software patents are mostly methods. An invention involves creating something non-trivial, where as methods only tell you how to use something already invented in a different manner. Examples: The telephone? Perfectly good invention. "Method for cat exercise" or "Method for maximum fun on a swing?" Not inventions at all, and should not be allowed by the Patent Office. Methods are the same thing as ideas, and you cannot patent ideas. As far as I'm concerned, patenting methods makes as much sense as patenting a recipe, which - as The Simpsons taught us - cannot be patented.
Almost all software patents should also be considered methods, because they're simply different uses of a tool that we already have: the computer. They are, if you will, different recipes for getting work done on a computer.
As far as this patent is concerned, coming up with a new ranking system is not an invention, it's an idea. I'm also fairly certain no one would be able to patent a specific method of tournament elimination, or alternate method of scoring for baseball or any other sport for that matter.
The USPO needs some serious re-vamping, sort of the opposite of the 1976(?) Copyright Act.
--Stephen
Re:Patents help. (Score:2)
Fundamentally, all inventions are methods--methods of accomplishing a task, where part of the method may involve instructions for constructing a device for that purpose.
Re:Patents help. (Score:3, Informative)
And this is an issue for all patents, it is in no way unique for software. For instance, it is possible to obtain a "use" patent covering a new use of something that already exists (e.g. a drug).
Re:Patents help. (Score:2)
This, BTW, was not patent #1; The current US utility patenting numbering dates from 1836, if I recall my history correctly.
There would no legal basis for the PTO just stop issuing "method" patents; they are explictl
Re:Patents help. (Score:4, Insightful)
Re:Patents help. (Score:2, Interesting)
It'd involve huge complex algorithms along with an exhaustive study...
My point is not to encourage software patents, but rather to make these hard to get so that only the people who actually desserve to be patented will be.
Re:Patents help. (Score:4, Insightful)
One day, he decides he's going to reorganize them by date. So, he thumbs through the files, comparing them two at a time. If one has an earlier date than the one before it, he switches their order, then checks backwards repeatedly, switching as many times as needed to put it in its place.
Tell me why the fuck a person should be able to patent something this fucking trivial if it's done digitally. There are a lot of things about computing that logical, obvious and are that way by design. This is why you aren't supposed to grant patents on things that are 'obvious to experts in the field.'
Now.. Apparently, we can patent using cookies indexed in databases to track user sessions and preferences, despite this being plainly obvious and the entire purpose of creating cookie technology in the first place.
There are a lot more examples I can name, would you like some?
Patents have a place, but 'doing X on a computer' doesn't deserve a patent, 9 of 10 times.
Re:Patents help. (Score:5, Insightful)
I'll bite.
Software patents are bad because
1: The life cycle of a patent is about 4-5 times longer than the life cycle of software.
2: Patent language does not fit well with software language. Patent language often fails to cover a specific algorithm in the lawyer's attempt to cover everything possible.
3: Given a single patented algorithm, its impossible to tell if a given program is using THAT algorithm, or some other method of performing the same task. The "business process" patnets currently touted and used as the model for software patents only cover processes, not results, yet the outcome of these patents is that everyone who obtains the same results is lawsuit bait. Companies will be sued and forced to open their source for scrutiny.
4: The USPTO is unable to handle the current patent process, empowering them with even more oversight is certainly not what I'd call punishment for its failure to operate properly.
5: In the event of failure in the above mentioned government organization to perform its duties properly, the cost of undoing the patent is footed entirely by the victims. Assuming no court time is needed (ie, the patent holder does not appeal, which they ALWAYS do) it still costs a considerable amount of money just to present your prior art to the USPTO for a simple review, and a considerable amount more to pay the USPTO to actually listen to your argument. (in the cheaper review, the USPTO takes your evidence and you go home. The USPTO calls up the patent holder and asks them to explain, and if they have a good explanation for not citing the prior art, you loose. The more expensive version allows the victim to actually participate in the process.)
From the customer's POV, #1 makes it even worse. Lets imagine a few scenarios:
1) Xerox patents "the process by which a document is converted into data which the printer can understand" and suddenly has a 16+ year long monopoly on printers because no other company can write a driver for their printer.
2) Brother patents the word processor in the mid-80's (I really have no idea when they started making those things). If you wanted to do any word processing at all, you would need to buy a Brother word processor machine, and that would be in addition to the PC (if you even owned one, without a wordprocessor, it would be no more useful than a Nintendo).
3) Microsoft patents the operating system (or more accurately, the patented DRM required to boot the OS on their patented Palladium technology, which will only be licensed to companies who use it in every motherboard. The alternative is being unable to produce any motherboards that can run windows). Windows DRM2005 is released, requiring yearly fees of $700 per user. No further development on windows is done for 16 years as they rest on their government-provided monopoly.
4) A company called PanIP "renews" an old out-of-date patent by adding a few words to a patent on selling things using a display and a phone line. The USPTO, seeing that the patent is an "improvement" over their existing patent automatically grants it without even stopping to think. PanIP then goes about suing small e-commerce sites for infringing on its "new" patent from the early 80's... oh wait, this one's really happening
Re:Patents help. (Score:2)
Or an automobile. But auto parts are still patentable.
2: Patent language does not fit well with software language. Patent language often fails to cover a specific algorithm in the lawyer's attempt to cover everything possible
It's legalese. It doesn't fit well with any other real-world language, but it's actually closer to a computer language than anything else, because it attempts to deal with every possible case.
Re:Patents help. (Score:3, Insightful)
Re:Patents help. (Score:3, Informative)
That depends upon how well the patent was written. Generally, a patent will be written to cover every way of accomplishing a particular task that the inventor and his lawyer can think of. So it may well turn out that your "different way" is also covered by the patent on the part.
Re:Patents help. (Score:3, Insightful)
I think that almost everybody (except, perhaps, the very rich) is bothered by the power advantage that the wealthy, whether individuals or corporations, enjoy when it comes to civil litigation. I just haven't heard any plausible solutions. In some types of litigation, the less well-to-do are able to get around this problem by employing lawyers on a contingency basis. But this has its own set of abuses.
Re:What exactly do you get when you get a licence (Score:2)
Re:What exactly do you get when you get a licence (Score:2)
IP datagrams don't care what country they come from. Guess they're going to have to host the code for claim 92 to Europe.