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Cellphones Communications Crime

FCC May Stop 911 Access For NSI Phones 211

An anonymous reader writes: It's generally known that if you call 911 from a cell phone in the USA, you will be connected to the nearest Public Safety Access Point, whether or not the phone has an active account. This is the basis for programs that distribute donated phones for emergency-only use. However, the FCC has proposed a rule change that would eliminate the requirement for telephone companies to connect 911 calls made by NSI (non-service-initialized) phones. The main reason for the proposed rule change are the problems caused by fraudulent 911 calls made through NSI phones. Yet respondents cited by the FCC show that as many as 30% of 911 calls from NSI phones are for legitimate emergencies. The comment period for the proposed rule change ends on June 6th, 2015.
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FCC May Stop 911 Access For NSI Phones

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  • by idontgno ( 624372 ) on Thursday May 14, 2015 @08:31AM (#49688665) Journal

    The main reason for the proposed rule change are the problems caused by fraudulent 911 calls made through NSI phones.

    This is why we can't have nice things.

    I wonder if the FCC will start a crusade against fraudulent 911 calls made through anonymous VOIP services? Maybe all 911 services? 'Cuz they're clearly getting abused.

    Whew! I'm glad we're rid of that dirty bathwater. Too bad about the baby, though.

    • Re: (Score:2, Insightful)

      by LWATCDR ( 28044 )

      70% are hoaxes.
      A solution would be for the Cell carriers to be required to "register" those phones for free for 911 service.
      Each must be attached to an id so you can bust people for swatting.
      Not ideal but a compromise solution.

      • What percent are hoaxes in registered phones?

      • Re: (Score:2, Informative)

        by Anonymous Coward

        Except, troll, 70% are not hoaxes. RTFA. Less than 10% are hoaxes, most calls are non-emergency calls, which plenty of people with non-NSI phones make as well.

        • by mark-t ( 151149 )
          True... but with a phone with an active account, the caller can be held accountable for making a non-emergency call to 911.
          • by khallow ( 566160 )

            True... but with a phone with an active account, the caller can be held accountable for making a non-emergency call to 911.

            That's not going to happen because otherwise people will stop calling 911 for real emergencies. You don't want people to wonder if the heart attack they are witnessing is enough of an emergency that they should risk calling 911.

            • by mark-t ( 151149 ) <markt AT nerdflat DOT com> on Thursday May 14, 2015 @11:27AM (#49690155) Journal
              I think you are completely misunderstanding the kinds of non-emergencies that people call in to 911... here's a big hint, they are *never* related to situations where someone's life or long-term safety could be reasonably believed to be in some kind of danger. Heart attacks, even though they can often not be fatal, are well within the domain of emergency. Examples of what are *NOT* emergencies are calling 911 to get driving directions, or finding the nearest liquor store, or complaining that the stores are closed and you need to buy a present for your friend for their wedding tomorrow morning (that's an emergency, right?). These are but a sampling of the kinds of the actual non-emergencies that people call 911 about, and the caller is fined appropriately (although in many cases, they are given a warning if it is their first such infraction, and if it happens again, then they are fined). A friend of mine that used to be a 911 dispatch operator always had some really funny stories to tell about some of his more memorable callers. What is less funny, however, is the fact that such calls can and sometimes do interfere with their ability to properly handle real emergencies, and it is why the behavior needs to be discouraged. I don't advocate disallowing 911 calls from non-activated phones personally, because I think it may be throwing the baby out with the bathwater, as it were... but I can completely understand the reasoning behind why it may be desirable.
      • by Anubis IV ( 1279820 ) on Thursday May 14, 2015 @10:44AM (#49689731)

        70% are hoaxes.

        The number is actually more likely in the range of 90-99%, if the official source [federalregister.gov] is anything to go by. That "30% legitimate" number used in the summary was in regards to one county in Maryland in 2008 that was monitored for just one month, and it stands as an outlier that's an order of magnitude greater than some of the other numbers in the report. Why it was cherry-picked for the summary, I don't know, but here are all of the ones I found in the report (including the outlier):

        in late 2006 from jurisdictions in four states, [an earlier report showed] that between 3.5% and less than 1% of 911 calls placed by NSI devices were legitimate calls relating to actual emergencies

        Indiana estimated that over 90% of all NSI calls received were not legitimate

        North Carolina similarly reported that between May 15, 2008 and June 15, 2008, PSAPs [Public Safety Answering Points, i.e. emergency call centers] across the state received 159,129 calls from NSI devices, of which 132,885, or 83.51%, were non-emergency calls, and an additional 11,395, or 7.16%, were “malicious” non-emergency calls

        Tennessee states that during a three-month period in 2008, of over 10,000 NSI calls only 188 were valid emergencies.

        Sonoma County, California indicates that between April 2011 and April 2013 only approximately 8% of calls from NSI devices were to report an emergency or crime

        California, for example, stated that between October 1, 2007 and May 15, 2008, PSAPs across the state reported 266 active repetitive callers who placed over 77,000 calls to 911, mainly using NSI devices. Of the 266 callers identified, 85 had placed 200 or more calls, and eight callers had made more than 1,000 calls.

        Peoria, Illinois similarly asserts that it got numerous calls from NSI phones that were used to harass the 9-1-1 telecommunicators and pump as many as 25 calls per day into Peoria's system, while few if any actual 9-1-1 calls came from these types of phones

        Maryland indicated that 30% of calls to 911 from NSI handsets were legitimate in Montgomery County during the one-month period studied in 2008

        There were a number of additional statements from various jurisdictions recounting their experiences with NSI E911 calls that used vague terms such as "vast majority", "biggest problem", "totally inundated", "inundated with phone calls from these phones with the only purpose being to harass the call takers/dispatchers", and "fraudulent calls to 911 from NSI devices constitute a large and continuing drain on public safety resources". There were also a number of statements describing the sorts of problems these calls are causing, such as "calls from a single child in one night nearly immobilized the call center's ability to receive actual emergency calls" and "receiving 911 calls from a non-initialized cellular phone [...] tied up one of our 911 trunks and made it unavailable for emergency calls", so it's clear that it's a major drain on their limited resources, since these calls account for a disproportionate amount of the total call volume, yet account for a disproportionately low amount of the legitimate calls.

        • The problem is that the language from that report suggests that some of the calls may be legitimate, but non-emergency calls. People call 911 all the time for the stupidest things. For instance, calling 911 to report a fender bender. That is entirely inappropriate, and a complete drain on emergency resources.

      • NO NO NO. For god's sake its like no one values privacy at all. ANONYMITY IS OK. WE have to learn to deal with the fact that we should not be able to trace EVERYTHING.
        • by LWATCDR ( 28044 )

          Calling 911 is not a private act. it is a request for public resources.
          This is only for none registered phones which can only call 911.
          Privacy has nothing to do with this since cell phones 911 calls are also geolocated.

      • A solution would be for the Cell carriers to be required to "register" those phones for free for 911 service.
        Each must be attached to an id so you can bust people for swatting.

        The NSI phones still have a unique IMEI. It would be trivial for the companies to cross-reference it to find out who the phone's original owner was.

        The problem I suspect is that most of these prank calls are made using NSI phones which are no longer in the possession of their original owners. Stolen, lost, sold, given to a "fri

    • by beelsebob ( 529313 ) on Thursday May 14, 2015 @09:11AM (#49688969)

      Well, the question is simple. Do receiving 70% of the calls from NSI phones being trolls cause more irreversible consequences than not receiving the 30% that are not trolls.

      It may well be that more than twice as many trolls in fact cause more legitimate emergencies to go unattended than simply not receiving the legitimate NSI calls causes.

      • This is called a risk assessment, and its something that most people (and the media) have no patience for: its far too levelheaded, and not nearly hysterical enough.

    • by mysidia ( 191772 )

      This is why we can't have nice things.

      This is totally a bogus reason why we can't. I think a better strategy would be a different screening process from emergency calls in from a NSI phone, Or tougher regulation on the distribution of NSI phones.

      Perhaps new ones should have to contain a 'FCC ID CHIP', which is crypto-signed, and cannot be distributed without someone showing a drivers' license and ownership being recorded at the point of distribution.

      Or require providers to initialize an "Emergency Only

    • Or - instead of having a choice between a paid service plan, or a non-paid service plan with no registration....

      Perhaps there's a middle ground where people can register a phone to their name and service for zero dollars, with the phone only capable of making 911 calls. There's no reason that donated phones can't be attached to a new owner.

  • by NotDrWho ( 3543773 ) on Thursday May 14, 2015 @08:38AM (#49688719)

    Hello, 9-11? This is Demetri again. The aliens are back, and this time they brought Brett Favre with them!

  • by rossdee ( 243626 ) on Thursday May 14, 2015 @08:39AM (#49688723)

    just toss old cell phones in the trash then
    thats probably bad for the environment

  • by Anonymous Coward on Thursday May 14, 2015 @08:43AM (#49688751)

    Yet another government gift to the corporate oligarchy. Now if you want access to 911 you'll have to pay Big Communications for it.

    • by jbolden ( 176878 )

      /. is so paranoid when it comes to companies. The cost of processing 911 calls isn't that much and the local 911 centers are good customers, heck these fraudulent calls might well be net profitable for the telcos. Where the costs are incurred is the 911 centers processing the calls and then even worse police and fire departments in responding to them. This policy change is the federal government helping out local government. It has nothing to do with "corporate oligarchy".

    • by EvilSS ( 557649 )
      I doubt the phone companies care much either way. It's the 911 call centers that are asking for this, because so many of the calls coming from these devices are not legit. These calls tie up operators and waste resources that would be better used taking calls from callers who actually have emergencies.
  • by Applehu Akbar ( 2968043 ) on Thursday May 14, 2015 @08:44AM (#49688767)

    Prank calls to emergency services have been going on long before 911, but I'm sure that burner phones, which seems to be the category of device we're dealing with here, would be ideal for calling in those false emergency reports designed to send SWAT teams to the home of someone you don't like.

    • by Gaerek ( 1088311 ) on Thursday May 14, 2015 @11:20AM (#49690073)
      Coming from someone who works at a LE Comm center and has taken a "SWATing call..." the simplest versions are someone using Skype or similar service to dial into a LE non-emergency number. That's how the one call I took worked. We didn't activate SWAT either, it was apparent when officers were on scene nothing was going on. As other have said, the more sophisticated methods involve ANI/ALI spoofing. Not easy, but not impossible. Haven't seen this method used, but heard about it.

      We cannot normally get subscriber information on wireless phones. The information we get is the phone number, the tower it's pinging off of, and sometimes location information gained either by triangulation from nearby cell towers or the phones internal GPS. It works this way whether its an activated phone or an NSI phone. So regardless of which, I can get at least some degree of location information off of ANY wireless phone. (The scene in the movie The Call where they say we can't get location information because it's a prepaid is complete bullshit, fabricated for the sake of the plot).

      The real issue is having to use finite resources to respond to fraudulent or illegitimate calls. When you consider most police departments and 911 call centers are short staffed as it is, it makes this an even bigger problem.
  • by snsh ( 968808 ) on Thursday May 14, 2015 @08:44AM (#49688769)

    What's the breakdown of the other 70%? Are they mostly prank calls?

  • by fuzzyfuzzyfungus ( 1223518 ) on Thursday May 14, 2015 @08:48AM (#49688801) Journal
    So, for NSI phones, the figures are reportedly 70% fraudulent, 30% legit.

    But what am I supposed to compare that to? What are the numbers for wired phones? Cellphones on contracts? Prepaid cell phones?

    This seems like pretty important information if one hopes to make a decision. Nobody wants bogus 911 calls cluttering up the system; but is 70% fraud similar? Modestly worse? Terrible?

    Also, if we deem 911 access to be a social good(which is why NSI 911 calls work at all, and seems pretty reasonable), why not split the difference and allow someone to 'register' an NSI phone(having their particulars on file with 911 dispatch is likely to discourage spurious use and potentially be useful for locating them in an emergency if they are unable to provide clarification themselves thanks to injury or exigent circumstance) without signing up for a paid calling plan? So long as it is 911 only, it's still no competition for actual calling plans; but it's less draconian than just killing NSI 911 entirely.
    • by EvilSS ( 557649 ) on Thursday May 14, 2015 @09:02AM (#49688913)
      I would imagine they are much lower, since all those other devices are traceable back to an account holder. Even on prepaids you need to jump through some hoops to get a true "burner" phone that can't be traced back to you.
      • I strongly suspect that you are right, your reasoning is certainly sound; but I'd assume that if they have a percentage for NSI phones, they should have percentages for other categories, and it's only fair to take action based on actual data, when you can.
        • by EvilSS ( 557649 )
          I assume they have data for other devices as well, although the FCC proposal doesn't list it. Since the call centers are the ones asking for this change (no the phone companies), it's probably because this category of devices is an outlier for them and the problem they pose is much higher than other call sources. The call centers have no financial interest in the sources of the calls the get. Their financial interests are in resource allocation for incoming calls and costs associated with unnecessary and
    • by flonker ( 526111 )

      In California, for example, as many as 45 percent of the more than 8 million cell phone calls to 911 each year are for non-emergencies, officials said; in Sacramento, it could be as high as 80 percent. Those calls block the lines for callers who really need urgent help

      Source [nbcnews.com]

      But national statistics say otherwise. One recent survey reported that 25 percent of all 911 calls are pranks, creating a dilemma for emergency agencies. And in 2003, another national study found that 70 percent of all cell phone calls

      • But the numbers you have come up with are not comparable to each other, as they are for different areas and data sets.

        25% of calls are pranks, while 70% are dialled inadvertently - an inadvertent dial is not a prank, and a prank is not an inadvertent dial, so these figures are not comparable.

        45% of calls in California are for non-emergencies, but that doesn't make them pranks, fraudulent or inadvertent dials. Sacramento is above the average in California for this type of call - but it doesn't mean the 45%

        • But the numbers you have come up with are not comparable to each other, as they are for different areas and data sets.

          25% of calls are pranks, while 70% are dialled inadvertently - an inadvertent dial is not a prank, and a prank is not an inadvertent dial, so these figures are not comparable.

          Of course they are comparable. You only have 100% of calls available to you. If 70% were dialed inadvertently and 25% were dialed as pranks, that would suggest that only 5% were dialed on purpose and NOT a prank.

  • by gurps_npc ( 621217 ) on Thursday May 14, 2015 @08:55AM (#49688857) Homepage
    As many as 30% are "legitimate"?

    That sounds really bad. But we need the percentage of "legitimate" calls made from regular phones to really know if it is bad or not.

    If that comparison number is less than 60%, than they have no real argument. But if say 90% of regular phone calls to 911 are legit, then they have a more reasonable argument.

  • by Anonymous Coward

    Flag the NSI calls. If the 911 dispatcher can tell that a call is coming from a NSI phone, they can apply the appropriate level of skepticism.

    It's better than disabling all the phones.

  • Need more info (Score:2, Insightful)

    by Anonymous Coward

    I would like a break down of the break down of the 70% on pranks vs stupidiy calls and a compare on how many regular phones numbers get of valid prank and stupidly calls

  • What if NSI phones when dialing 911 need to listen to a 2 second message indicating they're about to be put in touch with emergency services and to hang up if they do not need emergency services and otherwise to press 1 to continue. It's 1 extra button push and might filter out butt dials and other mistakes.

    • by PRMan ( 959735 )
      2 extra seconds is a lot when you're dying.
      • However, the 911 operator can only direct people to your location, and has no magic power to help things over the phone. It will take a few minutes, minimum, for help to arrive (and a lot longer in many situations), and two seconds more or less isn't going to change anything.

    • What if NSI phones when dialing 911 need to listen to a 2 second message indicating they're about to be put in touch with emergency services and to hang up if they do not need emergency services and otherwise to press 1 to continue. It's 1 extra button push and might filter out butt dials and other mistakes.

      And small children who are playing with the "old" phone...

    • "If this is an emergency, hang up and dial 911".

      Oh. Wait.

      • by Minwee ( 522556 )
        "If you know the name of the felony being committed, press one. To choose from a list of felonies, press two. If you are being murdered or calling from a rotary phone please stay on the line."
  • Now let us put all of the best minds together and develop a solution. Oh wait... this is America. We only respond to money so there will be no solution.

    But on another gambit... I'd suggest that all incoming H1-B visa tech workers be required to donate some time to solving this problem. For they claim to be the best and the brightest. (Of which the USA corporations claim they simply cannot do without.)

  • How do they classify calls as Legitimate Emergencies? It is known that plenty of people call 911 for things that are not significant regardless of how they are placing the call. Is 30% lower than the rate for land lines? Of the remaining 70% are they all kids calling to ask the operator if their refrigerator is running or are they mostly people calling because of non-emergency matters that they don't realize don't warrant a 911 call?
    • It would be interesting to see a breakdown of the calls:
      - real emergencies
      - non-emergencies made by idiots [youtube.com]
      - prank calls

  • by bobbied ( 2522392 ) on Thursday May 14, 2015 @09:55AM (#49689259)

    How many of the "fraudulent" 70% are from small children who are given an old cell phone to play with.

    How many parents don't know that any cell phone which previously had service can make 911 calls? How many of these just get handed to Jr. to shut him up when he's begging to play with Mom's smart phone? How many times does Jr. manage to press the right buttons to dial 911? I'm guessing it's a lot..

  • If 30% of the calls to 911 were legitimate emergencies, what percentage of those emergencies would have been reported as promptly if there had been a requirement that a phone used to call 911 only be from a registered phone? If that percentage is not very high, then it's my opinion that they may have to simply factor in such non-emergencies into the "cost of business" as it were.

    Of course, if that percentage actually works out to be something quite high, then I don't really see a huge problem with it.

  • Easy solution (Score:3, Interesting)

    by ArcadeMan ( 2766669 ) on Thursday May 14, 2015 @10:15AM (#49689433)

    Keep 911 for real emergencies.
    Add 922 for fake emergencies.

    This is the message for 922:
    "Thank you for calling the prank emergency line. Your prank will be recorded and the best ones will be added into a 'best of' compilation of the year. Thank you."

    Putting an incentive (the "best of" compilation) will push a lot of those pranks to the new number ("Hey man! My prank was chosen! I rule!") and those compilations could be sold as profit to help pay for both 911 and 922 services.

  • I don't believe that you can donate your old cell phones to be used as 911-only phones by victims of domestic violence, etc. It's an urban myth.

    I checked it out once because of a 90-year-old neighbor. He had a stroke, and he was lying in the bathroom for 24 hours, unable to call for help, until one of his children came over for their daily check-in.

    I tried to find out where in New York City I could get one of those 911-only reconditioned cell phones, that he could carry with him and use if something similar happened again. I researched the Internet, made several calls, and couldn't find one.

    But who needs one? Low-income people can get a free Assurance or Safelink phone, that they can use to call 911 and everything else (like doctors and relatives). So why would anybody want a phone that could do nothing but call 911?

    I just called another nationwide service (which I am not identifying because I don't want everybody calling them), and the woman answering the phone told me that they really don't provide people with reconditioned 911-only cell phones. They collect the old phones, turn them into Verizon, and Verizon gives them "Help" phones which are cheap cell phones with free minutes on them.

    Try it yourself. Call one of those services and ask them whether they can give you a reconditioned phone. They can't.

    Think about it. You can buy a low-end wireless phone new for $15 retail (and probably $5 wholesale). In order to "recondition" them, you'd need a technician to check it out, to make sure it's working. People would be using them for life-threatening emergencies, so they have to work reliably. You'd have to repackage and distribute them. It's cheaper for a phone company or any agency to just buy new phones in bulk. But why bother? Why not just let people get a phone directly from Assurance or Safelink?

  • That really stopped me for a second. I mean this is an emergency number, so how can a paltry low number like 30% be used in the same sentence as "as many as". But then I decided to find out what percentage of calls in general are legitimate. The results? 5 to 9% according to one article. 80% according to another article. 45% according to another one. 50% according to another.
    So, nobody knows how to measure whether the number of calls to 911 that are legitimate. Therefore, the whole article comes under susp
  • my parents, refuse to own a cell phone, i managed to get them to keep an un-activated one in their car in case of emergencies finally i'd be saddened if this feature was disabled.

  • If you call 911 from a cellphone in southeastern MA, your call is sent to state police headquarters, then it is transferred to the nearest state police barracks, THEN it is transferred to the primary PSAP. So I guess it is more correct to say that you will be connected to the PSAP *eventually*.

      Source, I'm an EMT, my paramedic partner is also a MA state cop.

  • As an experienced person in the 911 industry, there was some fraudulent calls, but the larger volume of non 911 calls came from a cell phone refurbishing company that would dial 911 as a testing procedure and then hang up. Do this hundreds of times a day, and you can see the issue with saturating 911 trunks with test calls opposed to real emergency calls. The ability to call 911 from an uninitialized mobile phone evolved from the same ability with a land line in a building to call 911 without service. The
  • "Yet respondents cited by the FCC show that as may as 30% of 911 calls from NSI phones are for legitimate emergencies"

    = As much as 70% of 911 calls from NSI phones are fraudulent.

  • You keep on hearing on how people are abusing the 911 system with stupid calls. Doesn't matter if it with a NSI phone or not. Maybe they should start laying down some hefty fines, community service, or even some jail time (on weekends or when the person isn't working so that they don't lose their job) for the abuses and maybe people will get the idea that 911 is for emergencies. Then you won't have people calling because someone put ketchup on their burger.

  • Quick questions:
    1.: what are the profits made by the major telecoms in the last year?
    2. what do the alleged false calls cost to
    a) the providers?
    b) the 911 call centers?
    3. What is the value of the 30+% that are *legitimate* screams for help, and the value of the lives if they can't make those calls?

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