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Supreme Court Continues to Address Patent Concerns

Posted by ScuttleMonkey on Wed Sep 26, 2007 01:01 PM
from the still-a-long-way-to-go dept.
The Supreme Court has taken on another possibly landscape-changing patent case that will determine if patent holders are able to sue everyone up and down the food chain for a patent infringement. "This case, officially between LG and Quanta, really concerns the question of how many times patent holders can get a cut of any component found violating a patent. Currently, patent holders will often sue up and down the food chain. So, if you happen to have a patent on a component within a motor that is used in automobile wipers, you could sue the motor maker, the wiper maker and the auto manufacturer -- and get all three to pay, even though the same product is used throughout the supply chain. This case will look at whether or not it makes sense to allow for that type of double, triple or quadruple dipping."
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ajakk writes "The U.S. Supreme Court, in a unanimous opinion, overturned the decades old test for determine whether a patent is obvious. The Court ruled that the Court had looked at obviousness in a "narrow, rigid manner." This should allow patents to be more easily invalidated because they are obvious."
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  • the car dealer, the owner when she sells the car, the used car dealer, the shop for replacing the wiper motor when it breaks, and the parts store for selling them the replacement
    • While you're at it.. sue the drivers of the cars with the patent-infringing wiper motor. They're obviously benefiting from the innovation without having compensated the patent-holder.

      And the drivers of all other cars which may share the road with the cars which contain the patent-infringing motor. They are benefiting from the innovation too, by virtue of being safer on the road because of the the other driver's infringing use of the patented wiper motor.

      Hell, there's no limit to the breadth of (deep or shal

      • No joke, they can. (Score:5, Insightful)

        by Kadin2048 (468275) * <slashdot DOT kadin AT xoxy DOT net> on Wednesday September 26 2007, @02:00PM (#20757895) Homepage Journal

        While you're at it.. sue the drivers of the cars with the patent-infringing wiper motor. They're obviously benefiting from the innovation without having compensated the patent-holder.
        They can, actually, do exactly this. "Use" of an infringing device is considered infringement. Generally, patentholders don't bother to go after end users of consumer product, because it's wringing blood from a stone and really terrible PR, but they sometimes threaten it as a way to discourage use of a possibly-infringing product. (Cf. Anti-Ford ads taken out by competitors alleging that Ford's products infringed the Selden patent.)
  • by lottameez (816335) on Wednesday September 26 2007, @01:07PM (#20757159)
    ...are the lawyers.
    • Well, lawyers and the few surviving companies after the dust settles. Those smaller upstarts really get to be a nuisance, I imagine.
  • It doesn't... (Score:5, Insightful)

    by repvik (96666) <slashdot@kynisk.com> on Wednesday September 26 2007, @01:11PM (#20757213)
    Of course it doesn't make sense to sue the whole food chain. Sue the manufacturer of the specific part, and leave it at that. Imagine how much fun it'd be if someone discovered that Award (or some other major BIOS manufacturer) had violated a patent in their BIOSes. There is no way the rest of the food chain can verify that no patents have been violated. Of course they can sue Award for damages, but imagine 400 companies suing Award. Anyone get any money? Nah. It would be incredibly expensive for a large manufacturer (eg. Dell) to verify that each and every component it uses does not violate any patents or IP. Same way with a car. Car manufacturers manufacture a fraction of the components themselves, and buy eg. wiper motors from Bosch.
    • This case deals with the other side.
      I have a patent, award violates it so I sue award, the motherboard manufacturers, and the retailers.

      When really, the only group that I should be able to sue is award.

      This is no different then going after consumer because the company they bought a product from violated some agreement with someone else.
    • by Valdrax (32670) on Wednesday September 26 2007, @01:33PM (#20757487)
      The real problem is who do you have to sue based on what your patent claims.

      Let's take the example used in the summary of a component used in a motor in a windshield wiper blade. What does the new component do that made it patentable?

      - Is the innovation purely in the use in a motor? (Reducing wear and tear?)
      - Or maybe is the innovation in its effect on the wiper? (A smoother wiping motion with less noise?)
      - Or maybe is the innovation in how the car performs? (Allowing a more aerodynamically friendly wiper?)

      What if the patented item does all three and claims all three things? Does a SCOTUS decision ruling that you can only collect once open the door for a finger-pointing exercise between defendants (something the courts like to avoid) in trying assign infringement? Does going straight to the bottom of the supply chain always make sense? (For example, what if it doesn't do anything for the motor itself but only for the higher level functions?)

      These are very important balance issues that the SCOTUS will have to consider.
      • Ummm you sue who is actually producing the violating item. Of course with a bit of maneuvering that violating producer could be a shell company out of the courts jurisdiction with physical production in china at which case the issue becomes more complex as you mentioned.
        • Re: (Score:3, Interesting)

          Ummm you sue who is actually producing the violating item.

          That's the bottom of the supply chain argument I mentioned earlier. It seems the easiest argument, but what happens if the innovation is based on the use of the component in a final product and not an intermediary one?

          For example, let's imagine a windshield wiper that automatically adjusts its speed to the rate of rainfall. This would require at least two components -- a sensor for the rain and a controller that acts on said information. Assume th
    • Re:It doesn't... (Score:5, Insightful)

      by Kjella (173770) on Wednesday September 26 2007, @01:38PM (#20757551) Homepage
      Well, that was my first thought. But when I reversed it "Should you never sue anyone but the closest in the chain" it wasn't really that clear. I'm sure there are ways to construct some sort of shell company that'll be the the actual infringer, while others are turning the real profit. A classic example are all the cafes and restaurants that go bankrupt, but the building owners which are often the same, never do. Legally they have one company owning it, and one renting and operating it. Or some sort of transit company which buys legally produced goods abroad, then sells them in the US violating US patents. It can be basicly massless with no money to collect. But yes, in the general case where they've bought it at normal rates then the original producer should be the one paying.
    • While I agree with you for the most part, the solution isn't quite that simple. The problem is that the current patent laws don't make it so clear. I'll use your example of an Award chip that violates a patent (lets say from Pheonix). The issue is that Dell would probably have a patent out for their computer which clearly lists the use of the violating Award BIOS chip. Because of this, the Dell patent is a violation as well. Sure Pheonix can sue Award, but that doesn't mean that Dell's patent is now va
  • This case will look at whether or not it makes sense to allow for that type of double, triple or quadruple dipping.

    That depends. who's asking? It always makes sense if you're a lawyer.
  • Patent Laundering (Score:5, Insightful)

    by Nymz (905908) on Wednesday September 26 2007, @01:28PM (#20757433) Journal
    If you deny legal redress, with exception for 'first sale' defendants, then you could certainly expect to see shady companies simply subcontracting out for any possible patent infringing items.

    1) Setup a puppet company
    2) Infringe all you want
    3) Profits!!! stay safe (safely stolen) from patent holders
    • I hope you contracted out your post. Because you just violated my patent on patent laundering! Not to mention the Unix code in your post! I'm suing!

      -- Darl McBride

    • Re:Patent Laundering (Score:4, Interesting)

      by Applekid (993327) on Wednesday September 26 2007, @01:44PM (#20757631)

      1) Setup a puppet company
      2) Infringe all you want
      3) Profits!!! stay safe (safely stolen) from patent holders
      Wouldn't discovery expose a shell company like that? RICO covers that sort of thing, doesn't it?
      • Shell Company (Score:3, Informative)

        Wouldn't discovery expose a shell company like that? RICO covers that sort of thing, doesn't it?
        A shell company is not an active bussiness, often holding zero assets. A puppet company would be a real company, that passes on cheap (patent infringing) items, but not passing on the legal liability.
  • by king-manic (409855) on Wednesday September 26 2007, @01:36PM (#20757529)
    I propose a axillary test for obviousness. If two or more companies already implemented your patent before your initial application date then your invention was too obvious to patent. This seems like a common sense idea. That if someone is already using your proposed idea you ought not to be able to patent it. This would drastically cut down on patent trolling.
    • Re: (Score:3, Interesting)

      I'm not a patent expert, but isn't this already the case? Prior art is indeed a valid defense against patent claims.

      The problem is that proving prior art is difficult. Even if you are in the right, and can provide evidence to that effect, it becomes a long and expensive court case, which many cannot afford (especially the small-time inventors that patent law ostensibly promotes).

      Patent-happy companies will continue to throw as many patents at the system as they can. Whatever sticks is ammunition, regardless
  • Lawyers (Score:4, Insightful)

    by db32 (862117) on Wednesday September 26 2007, @01:37PM (#20757537) Journal
    Ever wonder why lawyers write the laws? And no this isn't about some vast conspiracy by the megacorps to make people hate lawyers. A lawyer acting in your best interests involves you not being in court anymore and protected in the future, which is entirely counter to their best interests of being in court and continuing to bill someone. The common man can do nothing until the laws are written by common men, common men cannot write the laws so long as people attempt to exploit them. The folk clever in manipulating the law for exploiting are lawyers, so you must hire another lawyer to defend yourself against that, and the cycle continues forevermore. The underlying desire of men to exploit eachother lead to the creation and continuation of lawyers. The best you can do is get a lawyer from out of town so that the opposition's lawyer isn't his golfing buddy and he might actually do a decent job of representing you.
    • A lawyer acting in your best interests involves you not being in court anymore and protected in the future, which is entirely counter to their best interests of being in court and continuing to bill someone.

      Not really. That's a common misperception, but the rules of the courts are strongly tilted to force people into some form of non-judicial settlement. Of course, big corporate lawyers have many, many other things that they can bill over outside of the courtroom, so your point isn't entirely moot there.

      T
  • by starseeker (141897) on Wednesday September 26 2007, @01:45PM (#20757661) Homepage
    While it is refreshing to see an outburst of sanity from the Supreme Court, remember that Congress can proceed to pass new laws (a point made by the blogger.)

    If the commercial interests in the patent system in its current form are able to purchase enough political influence, Congress may take the steps needed to make software and friends explicitly patentable under the law.

    The only answer to something like that would be to vote in people who would change the law back to something sane. Will it happen? Who knows. It doesn't seem too terribly fantastic given the current system...
  • Of course it makes sense to sue as many people as you can, because after all, each lawsuit makes money for lawyers. More law suits means more work for litigation experts, and after all, keeping the lawyers and judges employed is what this is all about REALLY.
  • by Anonymous Coward on Wednesday September 26 2007, @01:48PM (#20757713)
    First sale doctrine already does apply to patents. More commonly referred to a patent exhaustion. The linked to -> linked to "patently o" reference explains it:

    "Exhaustion - also known as the first sale doctrine - serves as a default rule in both patent and copyright laws. Under the principle, a license fee is only be charged one time per object. Thus, a rights holder controls the first sale of a protected object, but does not control subsequent sales. The copyright rule is codified in Section 109. The patent rule, however, is only based on case law."

    You can ignore this if you prefer hysteria and misinformation to reality.
    • by DRJlaw (946416) on Wednesday September 26 2007, @04:46PM (#20759955)
      "First sale doctrine already does apply to patents."

      True, but the article summary and your response both gloss over the interesting issue in favor of something that's irrelevant. Patent exhaustion exists. Caselaw preventing double dipping for infringement damages already exists. This situation is different.

      The decision in the Federal Circuit [fedcir.gov] holds that a patent is exhausted by an unconditional sale, p. 7, in line with Supreme Court precedent, but also holds that a patent rights are not exhausted by a conditional sale, pp. 7-8, in line with about 20 years of Federal Circuit precedent.

      The interesting problem here is that the LGE patents do not cover the products sold by Intel. They only cover those products when combined with additional components. It appears that in the absence of a license, LGE could only have sued Intel for "contributory infringement" because Intel would be making products specially adapted to implement LGE's invention when combined with other components, see 35 U.S.C. 271(f) [uspto.gov], but not the patented combination itself. In essence, LGE and Intel negotiated a license that makes Intel a component source/supplier. Now those who purchased the specialized components and combined them in a manner that would infringe the patents are arguing that a license to manufacture a non-infringing but specialized component without fear of a patent lawsuit also conveys to the supplier's customers the right to practice the entire invention. That's not a clear cut question.

      One of the axioms of property law is that you can only sell that which you yourself possess. If Intel has a license that merely permits it to manufacture and sell a specialized component, then arguably the purchasors have the right to resell the specialized component (that fraction of the patent right is exhausted), but do not have the right to manufacture or sell the patented invention because not even Intel has the right to manufacture and sell the patented invention. If Intel has a license to manufacture and sell the patented invention using its own components, with LGE getting a percentage of the revenues for the Intel components, then arguably neither Intel nor its purchasors have the right to manufacture or sell the patented invention when manufactured using non-Intel components -- LGE would be deprived it its rightful revenues, and Intel would infringe the patent for those combinations made with non-Intel parts.

      The decision is unclear on the license structure, and I don't have time to dredge up the District Court decision, but there are potentially valid reasons for dividing up patent rights and royalty rates in this manner that cannot be reasonably described as double-dipping. For example, the Intel chips may still have value when combined with non-Intel chips in ways that do not produce the patented invention, but it may not make economic sense to manufacture two types of chips, one with the specialized aspect and one without. A licence with a modest royalty that is less than the entire royalty, whatever that is, benefits Intel by simplifying its product line and securing it from the potential of being sued as a result of the actions of its customers.