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Internet Radio In Danger of Extinction in United States

Posted by Zonk on Tue Mar 20, 2007 07:57 AM
from the not-my-streaming-soundtracks-noooo dept.
An anonymous reader passed us a link to a Forbes article discussing dire news for fans of Internet radio. Yesterday afternoon saw online broadcasters, everyone from giants like Clear Channel and National Public Radio to small-fry internet concerns, arguing their case before the Copyright Royalty Board (CRB). The CRB's March 2nd decision to increase the fees associated with online music broadcasting will have harsh repercussions for those who engage in the activity, the panel was told. "Under a previous arrangement, which expired at the end of 2005, broadcasters and online companies such as Yahoo Inc. and Time Warner Inc.'s AOL unit could pay royalties based on estimates of how many songs were played over a given period of time, or a 'tuning hour,' as opposed to counting every single song ... [They] also asked the judges to clarify a $500 annual fee per broadcasting channel, saying that with some online companies offering many thousands of listening options, counting each one as a separate channel could lead to huge fees for online broadcasters." There was also a previous provision for smaller companies that allowed them to pay less, something the March 2 decision did away with; in the view of the royalty holders, advertising more than pays for these fees, and they're ready for higher payments.

Related Stories

[+] New Royalty Rates Could Kill Internet Radio 273 comments
FlatCatInASlatVat writes "Kurt Hanson's Radio Internet Newsletter has an analysis of the new royalty rates for Internet Radio announced by the US Copyright Office. The decision is likely to put most internet radio stations out of business by making the cost of broadcasting much higher than revenues. From the article: 'The Copyright Royalty Board is rejecting all of the arguments made by Webcasters and instead adopting the "per play" rate proposal put forth by SoundExchange (a digital music fee collection body created by the RIAA)...[The] math suggests that the royalty rate decision — for the performance alone, not even including composers' royalties! — is in the in the ballpark of 100% or more of total revenues.'"
[+] Internet Radio May Stream North to Canada 73 comments
An anonymous reader writes "With U.S. copyright royalties threatening to kill Internet radio in the U.S., Michael Geist explains why webcasters considering a move to Canada will find that the legal framework for Internet radio trades costs for complexity. There are two main areas of concern from a Canadian perspective — broadcast regulation and copyright fees. The broadcast side is surprisingly regulation-free, but there are at least three Canadian copyright collectives lining up to collect from Internet radio stations."
[+] Net Radio Appeal On Royalties Rejected 298 comments
Station writes "The Copyright Royalty Board has rejected a request to reconsider its March decision to impose an onerous royalty schedule on Internet radio broadcasters. '"None of the moving parties have [sic] made a sufficient showing of new evidence or clear error or manifest injustice that would warrant rehearing," wrote the CRB in its decision.' The recording industry and its royalty collection organization SoundExchange are jubilant over the ruling. '"Our artists and labels look forward to working with the Internet radio industry — large and small, commercial and noncommercial — so that together we can ensure it succeeds as a place where great music is available to music lovers of all genres," said SoundExchange head Simson in a statement. Noble words, but after today's ruling — which will take effect on May 15 unless the US Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit agrees to hear an appeal — there probably won't be much of an Internet radio industry left for SoundExchange to work with.'"
[+] Politics: Internet Radio's 'Second Chance' Bogging Down in House 105 comments
An anonymous reader writes "Wired is reporting that the Internet Radio Equality Act is failing fast in the House, with negotiations breaking down over fair pricing for internet radio broadcasters. 'A legislative setback could make it harder to dislodge the new fees, which took effect last month after a federal appeals court refused to postpone the payment deadline. With the threat of congressional backlash fading, SoundExchange could find little incentive to budge from its current position ... SoundExchange has already proposed changes that could relieve small and custom-streaming sites from charges they could not possibly afford to pay, at least in the short term. Many expect a small-webcaster deal to be done by early September, when Congress goes back into session. But the deal on the table hasn't changed since SoundExchange extended an offer in May to charge them 10 percent of gross revenue under $250,000, or 12 percent of gross revenues over $250,000, with a revenue cap at $1.25 million.'" All very cushy for SoundExchange. Wired also points out that this is the same organization illegally lobbying for terrestrial radio royalties through 'third party' shell groups.
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  • ditch corporate music (Score:4, Insightful)

    by Anonymous Coward on Tuesday March 20 2007, @08:01AM (#18412875)
    time to ditch the music that RIAA owns, and only stream stuff that people want share.
    • Re:ditch corporate music (Score:5, Insightful)

      by l0rd (52169) on Tuesday March 20 2007, @08:06AM (#18412935) Homepage
      They're digging their own graves with this type of behaviour. People want freedom of choice. Thanks to P2P people get freedom of choice. If internet radio can't compete this will just stimulate even more people to download what they want to listen to.

      Because of their arrogance the music industry wil now have 0 revenue where before it could get something.
      [ Parent ]
      • Re:ditch corporate music (Score:5, Insightful)

        by smkndrkn (3654) <sadistikal@gmail.com> on Tuesday March 20 2007, @08:14AM (#18413021) Homepage
        Because of their arrogance the music industry wil now have 0 revenue where before it could get something.

        I wish that were true. Sadly not enough people are motivated enough to make anything near that reality possible. Plus the RIAA has their hooks in many different industries now (blank media for one). How many people do you know personally that actually say "I'm making an effort to no longer support the RIAA"? I don't know any, sadly. I think I'm the only person I know that tries to spend my money on music not controlled by them and even that is impossible to do all the time.

        While I think the steps they are taking is having an effect on the public, I don't see it killing their profits.
        [ Parent ]
        • Re: (Score:3, Interesting)

          While I agree with you that people will not conciously try to avoid supporting the RIAA, they still stick it to the man every time they download an mp3 over their favourite p2p network.

          Until music is sold without DRM in mp3/flac form for reasonable prices
          • Re:ditch corporate music (Score:4, Insightful)

            by Tim C (15259) on Tuesday March 20 2007, @08:39AM (#18413283)
            Until music is sold without DRM in mp3/flac form for reasonable prices people will continue to download and nobody will buy cds.

            I hate to break it to you, but plenty of people are still buying CDs.
            [ Parent ]
              • Re:ditch corporate music (Score:5, Insightful)

                by daeg (828071) on Tuesday March 20 2007, @09:15AM (#18413725)
                The nice thing about the MP3 model is it only rewards songs that are worth it. Anyone who has bought CDs knows each CD is engineered to have 2-3 good tracks and the rest as mediocre filler songs. The big songs are what they advertise and publicize via concerts, radio, movie soundtracks, etc. The filler take much less money to produce.

                If everyone is only buying the songs they like, it sends a drastic message: We won't pay for crap. Instead of an artist releasing 20 tracks a year, they could release half a dozen extremely high quality, worthwhile songs, and hopefully make the same -- or more -- revenue (since they don't need to make 11 filler tracks).

                The RIAA doesn't like that model, though. It lets tiny garage bands into the same market with a 10MB file, there's no massive production, shipping, and marketing costs required. The RIAA wants to continue deciding which bands succeed and which do not -- it is hard to convince a puppetmaster to give up puppeting.
                [ Parent ]
                • Careful With Your Blanket Statements (Score:4, Insightful)

                  by Petersko (564140) on Tuesday March 20 2007, @09:48AM (#18414191)
                  "Anyone who has bought CDs knows each CD is engineered to have 2-3 good tracks and the rest as mediocre filler songs."

                  Perhaps that has been your experience. Mine has been considerably different. I've currently got about 600 "real" CD's (I did a purge about 10 years ago, otherwise it'd be about 1000), and I'm willing to wager that, on at least three quarters of these albums, more than half of the tracks are much better than mediocre.

                  Then again, I don't buy CD's willy-nilly just because I heard one song I liked on the radio. Look hard enough and you find thirty second clips for nearly all albums somewhere online.

                  You might buy crap albums, but just because you do doesn't mean all albums are "engineered" that way. Like there's a group out there that tells bands, "Okay, now, we're up to three good songs - radio engineering standards dictate that you half-ass it for the rest of the tracks."
                  [ Parent ]
                    • by Petersko (564140) on Tuesday March 20 2007, @10:58AM (#18415671)
                      "Analogy: When you go to an art museum to see the Leonardo da Vinci exhibit, you don't dwell on his lesser known works, you head right to the Mona Lisa. Most people don't care about his sketches, just like most people don't care about crappy artists songs on CDs."

                      As an "enlightened music listener" you should be MORE likely to examine the lesser known works. Otherwise you're not enlightened - you're a sheep, just like the masses, going wherever you're pointed. Enlightened appreciators will look at the sketches because art is progression.

                      I've been a musician for 25 years (guitar primarily, with classical training and jazz aspirations), and I, too, would consider myself an enlightened listener. It's a matter of looking for the gems. I've ordered 36 albums this past calendar year from overseas (I'm in Canada) because the stuff typically on the shelves here doesn't draw me strongly. If you put in the time, you'll find PLENTY of great albums.

                      [ Parent ]
                • Identification problem (Score:3, Insightful)

                  The nice thing about the MP3 model is it only rewards songs that are worth it. Anyone who has bought CDs knows each CD is engineered to have 2-3 good tracks and the rest as mediocre filler songs. The big songs are what they advertise and publicize via concerts, radio, movie soundtracks, etc. The filler take much less money to produce.

                  If everyone is only buying the songs they like, it sends a drastic message: We won't pay for crap. Instead of an artist releasing 20 tracks a year, they could release half a dozen extremely high quality, worthwhile songs, and hopefully make the same -- or more -- revenue (since they don't need to make 11 filler tracks).
                  . . .
                  The problem with this statement is that when you ask a band before an album is released which songs are the 'real good ones' they will list a lot of songs that the public ends up seeing as 'filler'. They just can't tell. After they work on it, struggle wi
                  • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

                    "The problem with this statement is that when you ask a band before an album is released which songs are the 'real good ones' they will list a lot of songs that the public ends up seeing as 'filler'. They just can't tell. After they work on it, struggle wi
                • Re: (Score:3, Interesting)

                  It depends on the band.
                  What you are saying is true for bands from large music companies.

                  OTH, a regional band in my area named Blue October's CD's are almost like a compilation of greatest hits. Maybe it's because they are still fresh/young and have someth
        • esp. if minimum payment (Score:4, Informative)

          by Mateo_LeFou (859634) on Tuesday March 20 2007, @10:07AM (#18414563) Homepage
          I, of course, didn't read all (115 pages of) the copyright board's actual statement from this month, but it seems like the $500 minimum-per-stream doesn't depend on whether the station uses ASCAP music or free (e.g. cc-licensed) music

          "Radio Broadcasters propose that music-formatted stations pay a fee ranging from as little as $500 per annum for small stations in low revenue ranked markets to as much as $8,000 per annum for large stations in high revenue ranked markets"

          The term "Creative Commons" is not grep'd in the document so I assume it didn't come up.
          [ Parent ]
    • Exactly! I hate to be the righteous bastard that's always insisting people look on the bright side, but I for one wouldn't mind all those statuions on Shoutcast or whatever becoming a haven for the countless unsigned and independent bands on the Internet.
      • Re: (Score:3, Interesting)

        David Byrne [nytimes.com] agrees with you -- he believes that thanks to the Internet, artists don't need the music labels as much anymore, which means if the RIAA wants to stick around, it better find a way to adapt to the times.

  • Classic Radio (Score:5, Interesting)

    by jshriverWVU (810740) on Tuesday March 20 2007, @08:02AM (#18412887)
    Does this apply even to stations that run regular Radio over the airwaves? You'd think they wouldnt have to double pay since they already pay royalties for the initial broadcast. Using the internet as a form of delivery I would think would be no different than using a repeater to extend range and "rebroadcast". *shrug* definately sucks, but I'll stick with japan-a-radio :)
    • Re:Classic Radio (Score:5, Informative)

      by Klaruz (734) on Tuesday March 20 2007, @08:24AM (#18413129)
      No, it does not apply to regular radio. In America, regular radio AND internet radio pay performance royalty fees to ASCAP/BMI based on a percentage of revenue formula. That fee goes to the songwriters.

      For Internet radio ONLY, they ALSO have to pay a 'reproduction' fee, since internet radio is SOOOOO much different than regular radio according to congress. This fee goes to... you guessed it, directly to the RIAA, not the songwriters or artists. That's the fee they raised to obscene levels and what is threatening to kill internet radio.

      Fair huh? No? Call your congressman.
      [ Parent ]
      • Re: (Score:3, Informative)

        There IS advertising on NPR. You know the little "bumper" at the end of each package that goes:

        Support for NPR comes from the following...

        There's usually some commission, retailer, foundation, company, etc whose business is essentially getting a "
  • Denial, RIAA style (Score:5, Funny)

    by speedlaw (878924) on Tuesday March 20 2007, @08:04AM (#18412915) Homepage
    OOHHH, make the internet just go away ! Pleazze ! Let us return to the day that we owned the radio station, the promoters, the concert hall, and the bands. Our old reliable system of "screw the desperate band", play the music "via cocaine and cash incentives" on the radio, and "fill the concert halls we control with our band", ending with "selling you the authorized T shirt". I'll even toss in a contribution to the "home taping kills music" fund. Please make that nasty internet go away.
    • Re:Denial, RIAA style-sideline story (Score:5, Interesting)

      by speedlaw (878924) on Tuesday March 20 2007, @08:32AM (#18413211) Homepage
      Many years ago, as a student rep at Boston U, we though about hiring a popular band for one of our student affairs. We were advised by several band managers that even tho we could afford the band (s) they would not play our, or any school. The reason was that if you played schools, the concert promoters (Boston, 1979-1983) would not hire you to play the big venues. This suddenly explained why once a band broke, you could never see them anywhere but the big arena. I agree that copy right holders are entitled to be paid for their work. What is happening here is more monopoly strongarming than copyright protection. The internet is the single greatest thing to happen to content since Gutenberg. Recall that prior to him, reading was kept to the Church and King...only elites could read...and they liked it that way.
      [ Parent ]
  • Me too! (Score:3, Insightful)

    by jwest (21646) on Tuesday March 20 2007, @08:05AM (#18412931)

    I'm also ready for higher payments!

    That means I automatically get them, right?

  • Remember that the RIAA and its WIPO buddies don't tend to content themselves just with *U.S.* laws and enforcement. They'll be headed for you next. Internet radio may be in danger where ever it's located.
  • Outsourcing? (Score:4, Interesting)

    What about offshore servers? Are you still liable to pay royalties if you're "broadcasting" from Israel or Sweden? Technically you'd be unicasting to your server, not broadcasting to an audience.
  • This only means that some internet radios will move their servers to somewhere out of the USA... somewhere with more sane copyright laws, or with no laws at all.

    I guess it's good news for the internet hosting business at Russia, China, etc...
  • by vivaoporto (1064484) on Tuesday March 20 2007, @08:11AM (#18412987) Homepage
    If you make hard for people that is willing to set up a legal Internet radio and make a profitable business of it, in the end, the only way to get internet music broadcast (and video, for all that matter) will be illegally, on P2P, FTP and whatnot.

    But, on a second thought, that is exactly what the Media Cartel want. They don't matter where you are getting it, as long as the only way to be legally exposed to new content is through their channels. They couldn't care less if you and a couple of technologically wealthy people are going around their blockage, but they will do everything on their power to prevent both the average people and the *artists* to get in touch with each other without them.

    This is not about giving people no options. It is about giving *artists* no option. People are attached to their favorite artists and will follow them wherever they go.
  • Some useful links... (Score:5, Informative)

    by rly2000 (779141) on Tuesday March 20 2007, @08:11AM (#18412993) Homepage

    The DJ of my favorite internet radio stations, Radio Paradise [www.radioparadise], has a very informative blog [saveourinternetradio.com] concerning this issue.

    Also, if you're interested in taking action, check out Save Net Radio [savenetradio.org].

  • This is a contract dispute between competing corporate interests, pure and simple. The broadcasters are complaining their costs are too high (like they'd complain the opposite), while the labels complain their profits are too low (ditto). The broadcaster
    • Re:It will sort itself out... (Score:5, Insightful)

      by Steve525 (236741) on Tuesday March 20 2007, @08:26AM (#18413145)
      If they stop, the music labels will notice their profits dropping and will rebalance their royalty rates to something more reasonable.

      You make the presumption that the labels want internet radio to succeede and their profits from internet radio to be maximized. What if what they really want is for internet radio to go away?

      Why would they want to do this? Because right now the labels act as the gatekeepers to the radio. That is why musicians sign horrible contracts with them. You want a hit record, you need to get on the radio. You want to get on the radio, you need to sign with a big label. If internet radio takes off, suddenly you'll have new outlets which the labels don't control. In the long run, maintaining this control is more important then any profits they might make of internet radio.
      [ Parent ]
    • Re: (Score:3, Interesting)

      You didn't read the ruling, did you?

      I read it, and the panel that awarded the fees basically took the content industries' recommendations for the new fee structure verbatim, with only one exception (they also wanted a 25% add-on to the fee for any broadcas
  • What was that song again? (Score:5, Funny)

    by Bastard of Subhumani (827601) on Tuesday March 20 2007, @08:14AM (#18413023) Journal
    The Buggles 2.0 # Streaming video killed the internet radio star #
  • Profit? (Score:3, Interesting)

    by SCHecklerX (229973) <slshdt@freefall.homeip.net> on Tuesday March 20 2007, @08:18AM (#18413059) Homepage
    Don't most Internet-Radio stations make no profit? You'd think artists would be thrilled to get the publicity. If they do make a profit off of the songs themselves, then pay them. But I don't think that is the case. Even traditional stations have to use paid advertising. Right?

    Royalties for broadcasting over public airwaves, or on the Internet are a really dumb idea. The artist already got paid with the CD sale. The artist gets 'free' advertising.

    Go on tour and make your money. Use CDs as promotional material.
  • Scenario #1 - despite what they say the broadcasters/netcasters are actually already making a profit on their streaming services, and will bite the bullet, pay higher royalties, and a carry on.

    Scenario #2 - no-one is making money off of Internet streami
  • Counterproductive (Score:3, Insightful)

    by Experiment 626 (698257) on Tuesday March 20 2007, @08:47AM (#18413365)

    In the long run, this move by the RIAA is hurt its own interests. The current situation is actually pretty good for them. They're getting paid (though perhaps not as much as they would like), their music is reaching the ears of potential customers, and the broadcasts are at bitrates good enough to expose people to music while low enough nobody wants to fill their hard drive up with an archive of it.

    So what are Internet radio listeners going to do if this succeeds? Sure, some might switch to a more RIAA-encouraged form of entertainment, but a lot will just change the station. Once the RIAA wipes out the stations promoting their music, that leaves the ones playing independent and international music. "Drive your customers to discover competitor's product" is generally not the missing "2. ???" step that leads to profit.

    • If you stream, you owe the compulsory licensing- doesn't matter if you're streaming signed artists or not.

      This is what they want. They don't want the venue to exist, so they'll get the government to tax the hell
      out of it so it'll go away. I wouldn't mind
  • Speaking as a musican (Score:3, Insightful)

    by Critical Facilities (850111) on Tuesday March 20 2007, @09:06AM (#18413643) Homepage
    This is a slippery slope. I think that while on the surface, Internet radio and traditional, terrestrial, broadcast radio seem like the same thing, they've got some pretty significant differences. Obviously, terrestrial radio has a much larger share of the listeners. That is, while LOTS of people listen to Internet Radio, there are exponentially more Internet Radio "Stations" than there are terrestrial radio stations. Thus, the likelihood of 400,000 people listening to 1 terrestrial radio station (and thus being exposed to their advertising) is much higher than the same amount of people listening to the same Internet Radio Station. While not implausible that someone with a little money and marketing savvy might be able to make a dent with an Internet Radio Station, it hasn't happened yet.

    That said, I think to apply the same (or at least similar) royalty fees to these Internet Radio Stations is pretty unfair. As a composer and a musician, I despise that I have to agree with Clear Channel on this one, because I think that they are RUINING terrestrial radio if in fact they haven't ruined it already. I side with Internet Radio as an artist because it is exactly the freedom from some of the industry regulation that makes it possible for someone without Warner Brothers or Sony behind him/her to get exposure. There's no friggin' way I'm going to get my music played/heard on a Clear Channel station or in a Warner Brothers movie soundtrack without EVERYBODY getting a piece of the pie. On the other hand, if I find a niche Internet Radio Station, I can submit my stuff and get it heard by a smaller, but hopefully more targeted audience and perhaps eventually generate some revenue from licensing deals with them or CD sales.

    I guess my point is, while it would be easy to jump on the bandwagon as an artist and hope for the "big score" of more royalties, doing so would choke the "small time" Internet Radio Stations and make it once again a field of only "heavy hitters" with whom I stand little chance of getting heard. It may seem counterintuitive to some, but I think keeping things affordable with regard to royalties is exactly what's making it fertile ground for emerging artists and what's keeping Internet Radio a viable alternative for people looking for something more diverse and different than traditional radio.
    • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

      As a musician as well, I would question where exactly this "slippery slope" will end up. I actually believe that this is an extremely good thing for music as well as musicians. Many of us have been waiting for the lumbering RIAA dinosaur to sink into the L
  • Golden Eggs (Score:3, Funny)

    by boyfaceddog (788041) on Tuesday March 20 2007, @09:21AM (#18413797) Journal
    I can just hear the copyright holders meeting now ....

    "And our projections show that if we choke the goose hard enough we'll get more eggs."

  • RIAA free radio? (Score:5, Informative)

    by Jaywalk (94910) on Tuesday March 20 2007, @09:23AM (#18413827) Homepage
    There is a lot of music out there which is not controlled by the RIAA. While it would mean skipping the "hottest new songs" (i.e., tuneless dreck) it would mean that the music could be streamed (or podcast) without any royalty payments at all. The 'casters could also make a side business selling their own music mixes with a percentage of sales going straight to the artists. And it direct competition to the RIAA hegemony.

    Anybody see a reason why this wouldn't work?

    • Re: (Score:3, Informative)

      It's not about what music is related to the RIAA, it's about who has to pay SoundExchange either way, which is everyone unless they have a written contract from some entity granting them music. Ari at DI.fm made an interesting comment on the subject [www.di.fm], in sh
  • This is what the US needs (Score:5, Insightful)

    by zerofoo (262795) on Tuesday March 20 2007, @09:24AM (#18413847)
    We need to get left behind to shake up our policy makers. After a decade of stupid laws that kill innovation in this country, and start an economic recession, maybe people will wake up to the fact that conservative candidates and ideas need to be tossed out. You can not have progress without change. Conservatives, by nature and definition, resist change.

    Innovation killing patents, overly-restrictive copyright, anti-science and anti-education political agendas, trade barriers.....all the right ingredients to kill our economy.

    Maybe after a decade of being the "world-losers" joe-sixpack will figure out that new leadership is needed....and maybe voting only pro-choice or pro-life is too simplistic a strategy to keep our country competitive with the rest of the world.

    -ted

    • Re: (Score:3, Interesting)

      Sadly, while I agree with you, I have a friend who I use as the "Joe Sixpack" acid test, and the only thing he wants to change is the price of the PS3. He uses Internet radio to stream the same classic rock songs from the local radio station, and when told
    • Re:Well it had to happen sometime (Score:5, Informative)

      by codegen (103601) on Tuesday March 20 2007, @08:17AM (#18413041) Journal

      You couldn't expect them to let people broadcast music for no fee forever


      If you had bothered to read the article, or the previous article two weeks ago when the decision was announced (I know, I know, this is slashdot), you would have found out that previously they paid royalties similar to that of airwave broadcasting based on tuning hours. The move to per song/per listener is a considerable change in the fee formula that will drive many smaller broadcasters out of business. Its interesting that if I own a bar with non-live music (juke box/radio) I pay per listening hour regardless of how many patrons are in the bar that particular night, but if it is the internet, I have to pay per ear.


      [ Parent ]
      • Re: (Score:3, Interesting)

        Maybe this is because they figured they could actually charge per person listening, which is the most fair way to charge when you think of it. With traditional radio, it is impossible to tell how many people are listening at any one time. With internet r
    • Re:Well it had to happen sometime (Score:5, Informative)

      by tinkerghost (944862) on Tuesday March 20 2007, @08:18AM (#18413053)
      They were paying a fee. They actually could pay 1 of 2 fees, either a % of profit or a per-song fee. The dropping of the % profit fee structure is going to put most of the small e-radio stations out of business. The increase in the per-song fee is going to put most of the others out of business too.
      [ Parent ]
    • Re: (Score:2)

      It's not that the internet radio sights didn't expect to have to pay. It's that what they have to pay is orders of magnitude more than what they have to pay to play the same music on traditional radio (to the same number of people). The royalty rate is
        • Re: (Score:3, Informative)

          The fees are based on audience already. They use marketing data to determine how many listeners listen to the FM station (advertisers care too, so if the station deflates figures they make less money from advertisers).

          See my other comment, broadcast and in