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RIAA Wants to Include Song Files it Can't Produce

Posted by Zonk on Sun Sep 24, 2006 02:52 AM
from the hidden-files dept.
NewYorkCountryLawyer writes "In UMG v. Lindor the RIAA is trying to include song files it doesn't have copies of as part of its 'distribution' argument. The defendant Marie Lindor is asking the Court to preclude them from doing that. She points to the RIAA's own interrogatory response in which the record companies swore that their case was based upon their investigator seeing a screenshot and then downloading 'perfect digital copies'. They produced eleven (11) copies of song files, but want to be able to prove twenty seven (27) other songs for which they can't produce the files."

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[+] ACLU, EFF, & Others Fight RIAA for Debbie Foster 298 comments
NewYorkCountryLawyer writes "In a landmark legal document, the Electronic Frontier Foundation, the American Civil Liberties Union, Public Citizen, the ACLU of Oklahoma Foundation, and the American Association of Law Libraries have submitted an amicus curiae brief in support of the motion for attorneys fees that has been made by Deborah Foster in Capitol Records v. Debbie Foster, in federal court in Oklahoma. This brief is mandatory reading for every person who is interested in the RIAA litigation campaign against consumers."
[+] RIAA Says It Doesn't Have Enough Evidence 208 comments
NewYorkCountryLawyer writes "In Elektra v. Wilke, the Chicago RIAA case in which defendant Paul Wilke has moved for summary judgment, the RIAA has responded to the summary judgment motion by filing a motion for 'expedited discovery', alleging that it needs expedited pretrial discovery because it does not have sufficient evidence to withstand Mr. Wilke's motion. The RIAA's lawyer said: 'Plaintiffs cannot at this time, without an opportunity for full discovery present by affidavit facts essential to justify their opposition to Defendant's motion.' The motion and supporting affidavit are available online."
[+] RIAA Subpoenas Neighbor's Son, Calls His Employer 593 comments
NewYorkCountryLawyer writes "To those who might think that I might be exaggerating when I describe the RIAA's litigation campaign as a 'reign of terror', how's this one: in UMG v. Lindor, the RIAA not only subpoenaed the computer of Ms. Lindor's son, who lives 4 miles away, but had their lawyer telephone the son's employer. See page 2, footnote 1." From Ray's comments: "You have a multi-billion dollar cartel suing unemployed people, disabled people, housewives, single mothers, home healthcare aids, all kinds of people who have no resources whatsoever to withstand these litigations. And due to the adversary system of justice the RIAA will be successful in rewriting copyright law, if the world at large, and the technological community in particular, don't fight back and help these people fighting these fights."
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  • Sounds like.... (Score:5, Interesting)

    by bchabot (838095) on Sunday September 24 2006, @03:00AM (#16173135) Homepage
    Sounds like they're going down the same road as Chief Justice William Stoughton's acceptance of spectral evidence [wikipedia.org]...
    • Re: (Score:2, Insightful)

      Not really. While I know it's trendy to join in on the usual RIAA-bashing, and as a matter of evidence it's really quite sloppy of the RIAA not to have actually downloaded the copies, and I think the misstatement in their filing is even more sloppy (but,
      • Re:Sounds like.... (Score:5, Insightful)

        by Paul Jakma (2677) <paul-slashdot@rs250.org> on Sunday September 24 2006, @06:24AM (#16173743) Homepage Journal
        The RIAA aren't making evidence up here, it's simply the question of if search results are proof enough.

        Don't they also pay companies to flood P2P networks with junk files?

        I don't see how a filename is indicative of anything, other than the string concerned having been distributed. Not even on balance of probability.
        [ Parent ]
        • Re:Sounds like.... (Score:4, Interesting)

          by cpt kangarooski (3773) on Sunday September 24 2006, @06:43AM (#16173823) Homepage
          Well, it may be indicative of something. It's not very good evidence, but it is evidence. The degree to which it is belivable is up to the jury. Clearly, if you were on the jury, you wouldn't believe it. But so long as a reasonable juror might believe it, there doesn't seem to be anything wrong with taking it to them. It's their job to decide this sort of thing.

          Besides, even if they downloaded a file and had it, it's difficult to prove that that file came from the defendant's computer. It still largely comes down to how trustworthy a jury would find the RIAA witnesses and evidence to be.
          [ Parent ]
          • Re: (Score:3, Informative)

            One thing it is perfect evidence of is the mens rea of the person sharing those files (if we assume the screenshot hasn't been altered). If the person had a file in their share-list, we know they intended to share that file. If that file is undeniably (b
            • Re:Sounds like.... (Score:5, Informative)

              by cpt kangarooski (3773) on Sunday September 24 2006, @10:00AM (#16174873) Homepage
              No. First, mens rea is not an element of copyright infringement. Infringement is a strict liability offense. At most, mens rea is only relevant in computing damages. Second, intent to infringe is not infringement or any other offense. There must have been actual infringement to support the case. So the contents of the file are crucial to the case. If the file contents were the plaintiff's copyrighted work, then that helps the plaintiff. If not, then that helps the defendant, since there is nothing wrong with sharing a misnamed file which is otherwise lawful to share, even if it's done unwittingly.

              However, so far as we can discern what the contents were based on the name, which is a jury question, it's still possible to win a suit without actually showing what the contents are. But I wouldn't like to have to do that, since it's not a strong position.
              [ Parent ]
                • Re: (Score:3, Informative)

                  What if the RIAA copyrighted the junk files it's paying people to distribute?

                  It would depend on what the file consisted of, but it's entirely possible.
              • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

                They may have been intentionally sharing a file they owned copyright to (say a 3 meg picture file of themselves) that they renamed to "stones-gloria.mp3" because they are vehemently against copyright infringement.

                Heck, it could be a complete fluke of quant
                • Re: (Score:3, Interesting)

                  So facts before a court of law become probabilies. Just like the original probability, that a computer in someones house only carries out the desired commands of the person in that house who has the internet account in their name (viruses and trojans and m
          • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

            1) If they had 11 copies they did download.
            2) I'd probably believe that the other copies were real too.
            3) Then I'd jury nullify anyway most likely.
              • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

                I've been selected for juries before.

                It's pretty easy to get deselected.

                But if I'm not going to admit that I believe in jury nullification.

                I just don't believe in the justice system any more. They've criminalized so much- we've seen innocent people sent a
        • Re:Sounds like.... (Score:5, Informative)

          by NewYorkCountryLawyer (912032) * on Sunday September 24 2006, @07:24AM (#16173991) Homepage Journal
          Yes they do flood the internet with junk files which look like song files but aren't. The only way to tell if it's a real song file is to listen to it from beginning to end. See Reply Memorandum of Law [ilrweb.com] at pages 2-4. As you can see from the deposition testimony excerpted there, the company that 'investigates' for the lawsuits and the company that floods the internet with junk pseudo-song files is the same company.
          [ Parent ]
          • Re: (Score:3, Interesting)


            Yes they do flood the internet with junk files which look like song files but aren't. The only way to tell if it's a real song file is to listen to it from beginning to end. See Reply Memorandum of Law at pages 2-4. As you can see from the deposition testi
                  • Re: (Score:3, Informative)

                    You're right, I'm a professional artist who consults with intellectual property attorneys on this topic on a regular basis. My entire career is based on copyright. My rent is paid with copyrights and my food is bought with copyrights. 99% of the contracts
                      • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

                        It would be a violation for you to redistribute what the author makes available to you, unless the author specifically states that it is okay.

                        Whether or not Bittorrent constitutes redistribution is something for the courts to decide. Assuming the tracker i
        • This is a fine idea (Score:4, Funny)

          by goldcd (587052) on Sunday September 24 2006, @01:06PM (#16176651) Homepage
          We locate the spam-seeder - take a screen grab of the file names - report them to the RIAA and watch them sue themselves.
          [ Parent ]
          • Re: (Score:3, Interesting)

            I agree with your 150 / 200 numbers with this one caveat.

            I read here on /. a while back taht RIAA made $54 million off of suits last year.

            That is a LOT of financial incentive to fake data.
              • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

                Independent law firms are expensive.

                Staff attorneys (of which major labels have many) are not, and in all likelihood they have a bunch of paralegal interns doing the grunt work and the staff attorney probably just signs whatever paperwork they produce and
      • Re:Sounds like.... (Score:5, Interesting)

        by Ritz_Just_Ritz (883997) on Sunday September 24 2006, @06:27AM (#16173753)
        Anyway, guys, quit the RIAA bashing. Complain they're doing sloppy investigating and it's not really an acceptable standard we should encourage, but don't act like they're a pack of liars when they're almost undeniably correct in their accusations and their only flaw is not doing as air-tight a job as they should have.


        Spare me. When you're trying to prove someone is guilty of a CRIME, you need to go the extra mile and make sure it's air-tight. If you can't be bothered to do that, then you've got no business taking your case to court. We're not talking about some farmer assuing his neighbor of stealing horses here. This is a big fat well-funded group that has the resources and teams of lawyers/investigators to gather the evidence correctly.

        Who's to say that the file called "Enter Sandman" wasn't really an audio clip from Aunt Milly's piano recital?

        [ Parent ]
        • Re:Sounds like.... (Score:5, Informative)

          by cpt kangarooski (3773) on Sunday September 24 2006, @06:52AM (#16173859) Homepage
          When you're trying to prove someone is guilty of a CRIME, you need to go the extra mile and make sure it's air-tight

          Well, this is a civil case, so as it happens no one is trying to prove anyone guilty of any crime. I guess they dodged a bullet there.

          Who's to say that the file called "Enter Sandman" wasn't really an audio clip from Aunt Milly's piano recital?

          Sure. And a jury can decide which of the two possibilities is most likely to them (since that, and not the stricter 'beyond a reasonable doubt,' is the standard here), and then whichever possibility they find to be most likely is true, for the purposes of the case.

          So if you were a juror, and you were being fair to both sides, and they asked you what you thought the file was based on the name, which do you think it probably would be, even if that probability was only a 51% likelihood?
          [ Parent ]
          • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

            Well, this is a civil case, so as it happens no one is trying to prove anyone guilty of any crime. I guess they dodged a bullet there.

            Are you simply too stupid to figure out what the GP was saying, or are you deliberately trying to confuse the issue by foc
              • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

                It is up to the jury to decide if they believe it AND if they agree that the case is morally right.

                You shouldn't do something evil just because it's legal when the government has been corrupted as badly as it has.

                I think the people are doing something wron
          • Re: (Score:3, Informative)

            Honestly, if I were on the jury, I would first try to see what the little guy is getting sued for (how much $$$). Then I will see if this was someone trading peddling files left or right or if it was someone trading a few files much like kids used to do w
            • Re: (Score:3, Interesting)

              Frankly, you're being intentionally obstinate and daft. The OP makes an extremely important distinction: a criminal case carries possible penalties including imprisonment, fines and a permanent criminal record (and all that entails), while a civil case ca
                  • Re: (Score:3, Informative)

                    In this case, I think that the biggest problem is that, how can the RIAA prove that it's being "harmed?"

                    Assuming that they're seeking statutory damages, and that they are able to get them, both of which are very likely, the law does not require that they b
      • Re:Sounds like.... (Score:4, Interesting)

        by betterunixthanunix (980855) on Sunday September 24 2006, @08:37AM (#16174307)
        Anyway, guys, quit the RIAA bashing. Complain they're doing sloppy investigating and it's not really an acceptable standard we should encourage, but don't act like they're a pack of liars when they're almost undeniably correct in their accusations and their only flaw is not doing as air-tight a job as they should have.

        Undeniably correct? Which accusation are you referring to, because I know it wasn't the part about their business being significantly damaged by file sharing. In fact, that claim is undeniably FALSE, as this study points out: http://www.unc.edu/~cigar/papers/FileSharing_March 2004.pdf#search=%22file%20sharing%20record%20sales %22 [unc.edu]. Notice, in the abstract: Downloads have an effect on sales which is statistically indistinguishable from zero, despite rather precise estimates. This would seem to make sense, as most of us should be familiar with the sales reports from Kazaa's high point, which showed the CD sales had more than recovered since Napster's debut -- and Kazaa had far more traffic than Napster, further weakening the claim that the RIAA would be bankrupted by file sharing.

        Perhaps this theory would help: most people who use file sharing networks would not have purchased the album in question anyway, so no actual sales were lost. Think about that statement, and think about who is using file sharing networks. Before Napster came out, were college students out buying hundreds of CDs (the equivalent of the thousands of MP3s that some had downloaded and shared)? Certainly not, most cannot afford to spend upwards of $5000 on album collections. So downloading those tracks should not be counted as a lost sale, any more than sharing CDs in a dorm building should (but I wouldn't put it past the RIAA to count it that way). This is why I am always skeptical of economists who say that millions of dollars per year are lost to piracy, because I am forced to ask whether or not the people using pirated music, movies, books, or software were actually going to buy these things to begin with (especially with software, especially when it costs more than $100). The problem is that basic economics does not apply here; the fact that music is available for free does not mean that people will automatically flock to the free stuff, as we learned that they should in economics 101, and the reasons behind this are still being studied.

        [ Parent ]
  • RIAA SOP,
    make accusations
    fail to provide solid evidence
    hope pure intimidation works.

    Profit?

    STB
    • Re: (Score:2, Interesting)

      This could be important.

      If the copyright cartel enforcers are required to have downloaded copies from the alleged infringer in order to maintain a suit, then something like Peer Guardian becomes more effective: p2p'ers can be seen online, yet they're safe
      • Re: (Score:3, Interesting)

        If the copyright cartel enforcers are required to have downloaded copies from the alleged infringer in order to maintain a suit, then something like Peer Guardian becomes more effective: p2p'ers can be seen online, yet they're safe as long as they can succ
      • Re:Lack of evidence... (Score:5, Insightful)

        by DRJlaw (946416) on Sunday September 24 2006, @06:43AM (#16173821)
        If on the other hand, the enforcers can maintain a suit without showing that they downloaded copies from the alleged infringer, then they really have no logical way of proving that what the p2p'er was sharing was infringing, rather than something with the same name and maybe filesize.

        I'm sorry, but there is a very logical way of establishing what the "p2p'er" was sharing was infringing, and it's called an inference based on circumstantial evidence.

        Let's be quite clear
        1. The plaintiff's agent, "the enforcer", obtained someone's IP address and a list of shared songs.
        2. The plaintiff's agent actually downloaded 11 of the shared songs, so that the plaintiff was presumably able to verify that the songs actually corresponded to the file's name and/or metatags.
        3. You have a list of shared filenames and quite possibly metadata tags, and concrete evidence that items on the list actually are what they purported to be.
        4. You can quite logically draw the conclusion that the shared filenames really are what they purport to be.

        The burden of persuasion on in a civil case is not "beyond a reasonable doubt," but a "preponderance of the evidence." If you can stand up before a jury or ordinary people and convince them that it really is more likely than not that each file downloaded from this source was really something other than what it claimed to be, then you need to start your own law practice. Also, the defendant in the case is arguing that they shouldn't even have to make that argument to a jury, simply because "the enforcer" did not download each and every file.

        I'm reasonably sympathetic to the defendants in these cases given the haphazard manner in which the license holders are initiating their lawsuits and the excessive penalties, but one you get beyond matching an IP to a subscriber, the arguments that the defendants are making quickly start to become ludicrous. Open wireless access points are attractive nuisances. Children using the office computer to amass a thousand songs are negligently supervised. You can surely argue against these points if there is a de minimis infringement, but when someone is building a trading a library of a thousand songs, it's hardly tenable to argue that ignorance is an excuse.

        Feel free to argue that you must have all the evidence you need to win a trial before filing a lawsuit, and to argue that you must have actual copies or physical specimens of each an every infringing work or device. When a corporation is a defendant, it will be more than happy to use those ludicrous arguments to its advantage to make it even more difficult for individuals to prove and obtain relief for copyright infringement, patent infringement, theft of trade secrets, and the like. It won't actually happen, and the defendants are going to lose these types of arguments, but the intellectual breadth of the typical Slashdot legal analysis continues to astound me.
        [ Parent ]
        • Re:Lack of evidence... (Score:5, Interesting)

          by penix1 (722987) on Sunday September 24 2006, @09:09AM (#16174441) Homepage
          Feel free to argue that you must have all the evidence you need to win a trial before filing a lawsuit, and to argue that you must have actual copies or physical specimens of each an every infringing work or device. When a corporation is a defendant, it will be more than happy to use those ludicrous arguments to its advantage to make it even more difficult for individuals to prove and obtain relief for copyright infringement, patent infringement, theft of trade secrets, and the like. It won't actually happen, and the defendants are going to lose these types of arguments, but the intellectual breadth of the typical Slashdot legal analysis continues to astound me.


          It goes to damages. The damages are determined on a per-violation basis. The RIAA is arguing that they don't need the actual files to be obtainable to prove damages. I have evidence that says that they do:

          From:

          http://blogcritics.org/archives/2002/10/04/081226. php [blogcritics.org]

          In one case, Warner Bros. demanded a particular subscriber be disconnected for illegally sharing the movie "Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone." But the computer file identified by Warner Bros. in its letter indicated that it wasn't the "Harry Potter" movie but a child's written book report.


          and...

          Another letter, to Internet provider UUNet, wanted a subscriber cut off because they were sharing songs by former Beatle George Harrison. But some files were not songs at all. One was an interview with Harrison, and another was a 1947 photograph of a "Mrs. Harrison."


          So yes, they need the actual files given this track record especially when they are seeking $150,000+ per file.

          B.
          [ Parent ]
  • download them (Score:5, Insightful)

    by managementboy (223451) on Sunday September 24 2006, @03:04AM (#16173153) Homepage
    How about starting that donkey and downloading them? A copy is a copy, isn't it?

    Why don't they share with us what format they got the first few "perfect" copies... Monkey Audio?
  • Reverse it (Score:5, Insightful)

    by LiquidEdge (774076) on Sunday September 24 2006, @03:25AM (#16173227) Homepage
    How about someone sue the RIAA for having kiddy porn on the RIAA web server? No, I can't prove it. But I just said it was there didn't I?
    • Re: (Score:2)

      Well, you could show the court some screenshots... who could prove you edited them?

      You don't need the files anyway.

  • stupid court system (Score:5, Informative)

    by JeremyALogan (622913) on Sunday September 24 2006, @03:53AM (#16173291) Homepage
    If I were them I'd really like to beat my hands against my chest and cry "innocent until proven guilty, mother-fuckers", however this is civil, so they basically don't have to prove anything. We have a broken legal system.
  • Evidence (Score:5, Insightful)

    by Toba82 (871257) on Sunday September 24 2006, @04:16AM (#16173347) Homepage
    Evidence isn't needed when you aren't expecting to win. The RIAA doesn't care about winning the case, they care about scaring people. It still works.
    • Re: (Score:2)

      Suing people without any evidence works better at scaring other people, in fact. Absolutely anyone could get sued!
      • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

        See, except that they do have evidence. The question is whether what they have counts when it gets before a judge. They aren't picking IP addresses out of thin air and making up that this person was violating copyright, they're saying, "This person is sh
  • by Tsuki_no_Hikari (1004963) <[moc.liamg] [ta] [irakihonikust]> on Sunday September 24 2006, @04:24AM (#16173375)
    "Our investigator saw a screenshot of an IP address we traced back to them."

    "We used a reverse DNS lookup to find out that this was the computer used for the downloading."

    "Our investigator downloaded a perfect copy of the file downloaded by the defendant in a process of reverse spectral resonance."

    "We figured 'To hell with it' and crossed the beams. Once we realized the universe didn't end, we found a burn mark that resembled the offending computer's IP address."

    What new wonders of the universe will the RIAA educate judges on next week? :D Oh, I can't wait!
  • What's really funny... (Score:3, Interesting)

    by technopinion (469686) on Sunday September 24 2006, @07:12AM (#16173949) Homepage
    What's really funny is that the RIAA themselves seeded all sorts of fake files mislabelled as songs on the p2p networks. So how is the court supposed to know that what they think are real copyrighted songs are actually songs at all, when the RIAA didn't download them to find out?
    • Re: (Score:3, Informative)

      Correct. See Gary Millin deposition testimony at pages 2-4 of Reply Memorandum of Law [ilrweb.com], where he admitted making bogus files that looked like song files, and littering the internet with them. He admitted that the only way to tell if it was a real song file
  • by aitan (948581) on Sunday September 24 2006, @07:57AM (#16174135)
    Well, I'm safe because right now I've made it very clear that I'm not sharing anything with copyright. A screenshot would look like this:
    This is not Metallica - Enter sandman
    This is not Madonna - Confessions On A Dancefloor
    This is not King Kong (Peter Jackson)

    • Re:WTF? Copies? Files? (Score:5, Informative)

      by larry bagina (561269) on Sunday September 24 2006, @04:47AM (#16173447) Journal
      The lady was using eDonkey or whatever. The RIAA downloaded 11 songs from her and filed a lawsuit. They have a screenshot showing that she was sharing 27 songs and want all them included in their lawsuit, even though they didn't actually download/verify 16 of the songs. That's my understanding, at least.
      [ Parent ]
      • Re: (Score:2)

        Perhaps these 'songs' were recordings of the Plaintiff saying 'Bite my shiny metal ass' ?

        Using a screenshot which may easily faked showing names of songs that may never have been RIAA property is about as legally compelling as sworn testimony from an alcoh
      • Re: (Score:3, Funny)

        Wayyy back when, somewhere in the middle east - David saught out Goliath.

        In the US - Goliath seeks out David...
    • Re: (Score:2)

      Isn't this more or less just an attempt to reduce the completely ridiculous amount of money they're going to have to pay?

      They haven't lost the case yet. They are reducing what they have to defend against, or if their client is going to admit guilt, po

    • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

      They don't have the copyright on the songs, just the 'sound recording copyright' on these particular recordings of those songs.
    • Re: (Score:3, Interesting)

      Shoudn't the RIAA start to sue themselves ? They downloaded copies of songs to there computer, and now they are shareing them with a judge...

      First of all, copyright protects the right to make copies. So, technically, if I download a file from you, I am