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Open Networks, Closed Regimes

Posted by michael on Sat Jan 11, 2003 06:01 PM
from the technology-is-a-force-amplifier-for-good-or-ill dept.
kris writes "First Monday has an interesting article on Open Networks, Closed Regimes: The Impact of the Internet on Authoritarian Rule, presenting evidence that The Internet may not be automatic downfall of authoritan regimes as anecdotes commonly suggest. In their words: The authors trace Internet use in eight authoritarian and semi-authoritarian countries: China, Cuba, Singapore, Vietnam, Burma, the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, and Egypt. They discover that authoritarian governments, far from fearing the information age, have chosen to direct Internet development in ways that bolster the state. At the same time, many regimes are struggling to cope with the potent challenges posed by new technologies. The authors encourage policy makers in the U.S. and other industrialized democracies to promote specific Internet-based initiatives that foster political liberalization, rather than perpetuating the myth of the Internet as an unstoppable "virus of freedom.""
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  • eight authoritarian countries (Score:4, Insightful)

    by matt4077 (581118) <slashdot@matthCO ... .com minus punct> on Saturday January 11 2003, @06:06PM (#5064090) Homepage
    they forgot the US
  • er? (Score:4, Funny)

    "First Monday has an interesting article..."

    Do they? Where is this? I can just see a two chapter taster of a book, that to read more of I have to pay $$$ ;)
  • Make Networks Open Source! (Score:2, Insightful)

    by Lieutenant_Dan (583843) on Saturday January 11 2003, @06:08PM (#5064100) Homepage Journal
    I think that society in general would benefit greatly if these network were passed to the Open Souce developer community. With their expertise, dedication, and insight they would be able to run the infrastructure smoother than most telecom corporations. It would provide them with a great medium to transmit their projects, ideas, and p2p connections in a secure manner.

    Only when we unleash the full potential in networks such as UUnet can we attain the goal of providing broadband for the general South American consumer.

  • Sympathetic companies (Score:4, Insightful)

    by davebarz (546161) <david@nOSPAM.barzelay.net> on Saturday January 11 2003, @06:08PM (#5064103) Homepage
    One problem is that some of the major players (MS, Google, etc) are sympathetic and will deliver product / change sites in order to conform to the wishes of these totalitarian governments. There is no independence for the companies in those markets. So, when presented with distorted versions of the Internet, it can't possibly be as great a force for freedom as we might like to think.
  • OKAY! (Score:5, Funny)

    by timeOday (582209) on Saturday January 11 2003, @06:10PM (#5064112)
    This looks like a long one. Anybody replies in under 2 hours, we KNOW you didn't RTFA.
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  • How Much? (Score:4, Interesting)

    by DAldredge (2353) <SlashdotEmail@GMail.Com> on Saturday January 11 2003, @06:13PM (#5064129) Journal
    OPEN NETWORKS, CLOSED REGIMES
    The Impact of the Internet on Authoritarian Rule

    Shanthi Kalathil and Taylor C. Boas

    Price: $18.95
    Paperback, 208 pp.
    ISBN: 0-87003-194-5
    Pub. Date: Jan. 2003
    Order the book

    How much for one of these ads? I keep asking but no one will tell me.
    • Re:How Much? by lamery (Score:1) Saturday January 11 2003, @06:50PM
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  • Virus of freedom (Score:4, Interesting)

    by C32 (612993) on Saturday January 11 2003, @06:13PM (#5064130)
    Once The Man wanted to use the Virus of Freedom to free the populations of lesser countries. .. Now he wants to apply the Vaccine of Anti-terror on the Virus of Freedom to enslave his own population.
  • Their first mistake (Score:2, Insightful)

    by Anonymous Coward on Saturday January 11 2003, @06:18PM (#5064150)
    The authors encourage policy makers in the U.S. and other industrialized democracies

    Please don't dilute the term "democracy" by including the U.S. in its definition.
  • poor countries (Score:1, Insightful)

    by matt4077 (581118) <slashdot@matthCO ... .com minus punct> on Saturday January 11 2003, @06:21PM (#5064177) Homepage
    These happen to be 8 of the world's poorest countries, too. I wonder how the Internet affects free speech in developed countries. Does it make it less likely for a developed country to become authoritarian?
  • Well, duh. (Score:3, Insightful)

    by DarkZero (516460) on Saturday January 11 2003, @06:30PM (#5064217)
    The internet's been around in these countries for quite awhile and yet their totalitarian governments still exist. Simple logic would tell you that under those circumstances, the internet is not a magical anti-authoritarian political warhead that annihilates any oppression that it touches. People need an entire fucking book to tell them this? That's like watching a gun being test fired, seeing it jam, and then telling the guy firing it that you'd like a three hundred page report on how accurately it hit the target.

    I know that if I read more of the book, I'd probably find that it goes well beyond that point, but it appears that the summary, the foreword, and much of the first chapter could be adequately covered by the first half of my last paragraph. That's the sort of overly verbose crap that makes books like these so boring. They're padded so heavily that a couple of sentences is expanded into three repetitive chapters and you don't find anything new or interesting until the fourth chapter or so, if not until the halfway point of the book.
    • Re:Well, duh. by MacAndrew (Score:2) Saturday January 11 2003, @08:09PM
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  • First-hand experience (Score:5, Interesting)

    by PaulBu (473180) on Saturday January 11 2003, @06:34PM (#5064237) Homepage
    I've grown up in Soviet Union and my late teens were well spent in the whole "perestroika" times. Couple years ago we reminiscented about the time with a good friend of mine (now a sebiour VP of one of major Moscow banks ;-) and discussed when did we both realize that Commies are doomed. His take was: "When one was able to go to a store and pay cash for a Xerox machine" (you have to understand that photo-reproduction equipment had to be licensed in Soviet times), my take was "When I was able to send e-mail to and receive from abroad".

    Maybe a bit naive (now knowing perfectly how insecure our email is :) ), but still... Maybe his take is more relevant, in this world you would need the technical ability to disseminate Free (even if illegal) press way more than electronic datastreams. To read the latter one need kind of a box, you know... ;-)

    Paul B.

  • Write your congressmen! (Score:3, Insightful)

    by Anonymous Coward on Saturday January 11 2003, @06:38PM (#5064250)
    If you're concerned about the potential consequences to privacy and freedom this might entail, there's really only one thing you can do: Make your government aware of your misgivings. It's YOUR government damn it. You may have decided to let it run itself these last few years, but ultimately the founding fathers made sure that the government would be, in some way, answerable to you - be that, arguably as originally intended, on a State by State level, or, as it is now, on a more pluralist democratic level (yes, as long as the legislature is answerable to the populace, it's a democracy. You don't need more than that, all this BS about rule by plebicite is just that: BS)

    Your government throws money at all types of security "solutions" right now because it believes that is what you want it to do. It believes that, given the events of the last 14 months, you are frightened enough to break Franklin's famous principle about trading freedoms for security. It will do anything to make you feel safer, not only by making you safer, but by throwing tax payer dollars at pointless and socially dangerous projects such as internet censorship, as well as more infamous projects such as the face scanning technologies used in Tampa that were found to misidentify a large percentage of the population.

    This quagmire of government spending to make you feel safer regardless of the consequences will not disappear by itself. Unless people are prepared to actually act, not just talk about it on Slashdot, nothing will ever get done. Apathy is not an option.

    You can help by getting off your rear and writing to your congressman [house.gov] or senator [senate.gov]. Tell them not to do anything. Tell them that you appreciate the work being done to protect your safety, or that you're fed up of taxpayers money being spent on enforcing unenforcable laws, but if money keeps being thrown at half-assed half-implemented solutions that you either agree or disagree with, you will be forced to use less and less secure and intelligently designed alternatives. Let them know that SMP may make or break whether you can efficiently deploy OpenBSD on your workstations and servers. Explain the concerns you have about freedom, openness, and choice, and how half implemented laws harms all three. Let them know that this is an issue that effects YOU directly, that YOU vote, and that your vote will be influenced, indeed dependent, on whether or not they either implement the law fully, or abolish it, depending on your point of view.

    You CAN make a difference. Don't treat voting as a right, treat it as a duty. Keep informed, keep your political representatives informed on how you feel. And, most importantly of all, vote.
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  • by Gortbusters.org (637314) on Saturday January 11 2003, @06:40PM (#5064261) Homepage Journal
    the vast majority of the users, authors, etc would like the internet to be an embodiement of freedom. Freedom of speech, freedom to post whatever you want, etc. While the internet was still becoming popular, before TV commercials posted website URL's in their ad's, corporate America (or the culture that embodies it) didn't have such a vicious stake in the ground. Yes, it allowed things like Napster, for a short while.

    As technology is challenging old business models (the way mp3's have suposedly challenged traditional casette and CD purchasing), it is creating an increasing number of conflicts between the information eutopia and the ruling bodies (i.e. countries) it spans.

    Does anyone have an idea on what the future will look like for the internet?
  • by jejones (115979) on Saturday January 11 2003, @06:44PM (#5064283)
    ...the ultimate mechanism to bolster repressive regimes, soon to appear at a store near you.
  • Myth (Score:2, Interesting)

    by Mikelikus (212556) on Saturday January 11 2003, @06:51PM (#5064330)
    It was always a myth that the world would be contaminated with the virus of US thinking.

    At the time everyone was thinking about the impact the internet would have in dictatorships also everyone was saying that internet was boasting discussion about every topic possible. Free speech was bad for oppressive regimes.

    Interesting it is that noone thought at the time the internet could be a major way to challenge the western regimes. It's not a bad thing (tm) per se, actually it's quite good to the world that discussion about what kind of regime is best for the world. Maybe new ideas might come up... Afterall for all it's failings democracy is the best form of government that we can come up with [idealog.info] (quote: Winston Churchill)

    Hurray for the internet.
    • by MyNameIsFred (543994) on Saturday January 11 2003, @08:00PM (#5064583)
      So many of the comments here say that Internet leading to freedom is a myth because it hasn't worked yet. The problem is that there is no way it can work quickly. Does anyone really think that just giving someone the Internet is going to make the population of some country slap themselves on the collective forehead, and say "How dumb were we?" At best, it will take years before even relatively free desemination of information will undermine a totalitarian regime. The flow information must cause ideas to germinate, discussion to start, groups to form, and a movement to start. Just look at the Vietnam war protests. They didn't happen overnight. It took 10 years for them to develop into their full-blown power. Or even the American Revolution, that didn't happen overnight in 1776. There were years, arguably decades, of events leading up to it.
      [ Parent ]
    • Re:Myth by drinkypoo (Score:2) Saturday January 11 2003, @09:36PM
  • The US is Already Doing This... (Score:2, Informative)

    by 56 (527333) on Saturday January 11 2003, @07:00PM (#5064374)
    As reported earlier today on this very site, the US has been e-mailling [slashdot.org] Iraqi officials in an attempt to get them to defect.
  • Post predictions! (Score:4, Funny)

    by Guppy06 (410832) on Saturday January 11 2003, @07:26PM (#5064450) Journal
    • 40% will say "They forgot the US"
    • 20% will chide us for forcing US values on them
    • 20% will say "Keep government out of the internet!"
    • 10% will mention the Great Firewall of China ("Not really the whole internet!")
    • 5% will mention FreeNet, etc.
    • 4% will blame it all on Microsoft's TCP/IP stack in IE.
    • 1% will be inane post predictions
  • by raju1kabir (251972) on Saturday January 11 2003, @08:33PM (#5064679) Homepage

    I've lived in Saudi Arabia and Singapore, and anyone who mentions them both in one breath is insane. Saudi Arabia is a society where religious police patrol the streets looking for and beating people who don't go to prayers, who keep their stores open or use pay phones during the 5 daily prayer periods, or who are women and show their ankles or noses. It's a country where government agents hang around in the mosques listening for rabblerousers, who are summarily dragged off for interrogation.

    Singapore, on the other hand, is basically what you get if you combine the social conservatism and corporate-centricity of the USA with the ridiculous libel laws of the UK. It's far closer to the USA than it is to Saudi Arabia.

    And the big difference is, in Singapore, people want it that way. They have one of the world's highest income levels, they have safety, they have long life and good health, and they have enough freedom not to feel stifled. One of the greatest achievements is that there's basically no sectarian trouble despite significant Christian, Muslim, Buddhist, and Hindu populations all sharing a small and dense space. Any number of polls has turned up time and time again that the vast majority wouldn't change a thing.

    Singapore is effectively a one-party state. In part that's because only a minority have wanted change. It's also because the PAP is aggressive in its use of libel action to silence non-member candidates who make too much noise.

    Personally, coming from a tradition where freedom of expression is a cherished core social value, I find that uncomfortable. But it doesn't change the fact that it works for Singapore. And it's not the sort of country where people would feel like they couldn't complain to me because they'd get taken away by the secret police.

    Anyway, by conflating these - though the material online was too thin to really be able to get to the bottom of their evidence - they seem to elide over the likely fact that the internet's open expression is a far greater threat to a regime like Saudi Arabia, which is unpopular anyway - than to one like Singapore's. Without relatively complacent countries like Singapore and UAE to soften the mix, I doubt their thesis would stand. Additionally, the inclusion of countries like Burma and to some extent Vietnam, where internet is a non-factor in general society, clouds their point further.

  • Who is the authoritarian? (Score:3, Interesting)

    by br00tus (528477) on Saturday January 11 2003, @09:02PM (#5064766)
    I find the choices of countries that are "authoritarian" odd. Every country in the world is authoritarian to some extent, so at that point countries become authoritarian relative to one another. Cuba is called authoritarian, although Colombia is not. Unsurprisingly, Cuba is a small country that has embarrassed the leaders of the United States a great deal, from the New Years revolution of 1959 to the Bay of Pigs, the Cuban missile crisis, the Mariel boatlift to it's offer in 2000 to mediate the US elections. And there's no doubt that it has a high degree of authoritarianism - but relative to the rest of Latin America I would ask if it is so much more so than virtually every other Latin American country. In Colombia, hundreds of union activists are killed every year by death squads - in Brazil, death squads roam city streets at night killing homeless children. And the average Cuban has one of the highest standards of living in Latin America. Of course, US corporate media constantly puts Cuba under a microscope, and finds some real problems, but it seems odd to me that the only Latin American country found fault with is one US rulers have problems with, despite the fact that there are many countries in Latin America which are much worse.

    And again in terms of small countries which have embarrassed the US - Vietnam is another example. It's almost beyond belief that a US-funded study would call Vietnam's government authoritarian. What would they call the puppet government they tried to prop up from the 1950's on, where memoes and even Eisenhower's memoirs say the US leaders didn't want an election in Vietnam because they knew the anti-colonialist/imperialist candidates would win? And before that the Western leaders (US, France, England etc.) were trying to keep it a French colony.

    I'm tired of having the faults of only the countries who US leadership feels is not to their liking at the moment pointed out. I am an American, but I often think leaders who are criticized in the corporate press (Chavez, Lula) are better people than the ones glossed over. I find more common cause with the working class people like me in these countries than I do with the owners of the press and elite of my own country frankly. As the Bible says, check out the log in your own eye before pointing out the speck in someone else's.

  • by gelfling (6534) on Saturday January 11 2003, @10:30PM (#5065024) Homepage Journal
    That's right, there are several ways to do this. One the most obvious here is to choke it off. Two, regulate content. Three litigate - and yes litigation particularly international law is a weapon of warfare in the 21st century. Four pick your truth, this is the corporate option. Don't lie, just limit what you tell the truth about.

    I'm not shocked that the mindless radicals here make obligatory statements about the US "wahtaboutda US !!!" But if you think there is oppression here then you faux Che wannabess really have to live in a poor country. I have and it deeply and truly sux, there is no comparison.
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  • All the speed of a glacier (Score:2, Insightful)

    by NReitzel (77941) on Saturday January 11 2003, @10:41PM (#5065062) Homepage
    What makes anyone think that the internet isn't going to be the unstoppable "virus of freedom" in the world? Did people expect a tsunami of change to happen overnight?

    Political changes are generational things. In the United States, the civil rights act was passed in the mid-60's, and real change in the South is just happening now, as this comment is being read. In this particular case, it had to wait for the diehard bigots in congress and in the electorate to die off. Freedom in the Soviet Union took a similar change of leadership, over a similar length of time.

    There are two general cases that need to be considered, those being "rich" countries and "poor" countries. In those countries where sizeable chunks of the population are starving, changes of politics are quite secondary to the average citizen (though perhaps they should not be, in the long run). Adlai Stevenson expressed it well when he said, "A Hungry Man is not a Free Man." These people have no time to be interested in the internet, though even here, the internet will make changes over the long haul.

    In countries where hunger is not the primary motivating force, changes will come faster. One can see the ripples even now -- spend some time in Hong Kong and look around. In some of the most repressive theocracies on the planet, voices for change are being raised, and one of the primary ways we know about them is through the internet.

    Have patience; revolutions that happen overnight tend to be accompanied by copious quantities of blood. With any luck, things in many of these places may happen as they did in the Soviet Union. One day, we may wake up and notice that tyrants are becoming yet another endangered species.

  • by ShatteredDream (636520) on Saturday January 11 2003, @10:47PM (#5065080) Homepage
    You have two choices when it comes to your freedom: you defend it or let it be taken away. The Internet will not destroy the PRC and end the Chinese gulags, prison labor system, etc. Guns will. The PRC will probably go to war with the US and most of Asia over Taiwan, the PRC will in the end get it's ass roasted by the immensely better equipped, trained and more dedicated ROK, ROC and USA militaries. In the end it will be an armed coup by Chinese Liberals that brings about the end of the tyrannical PRC. That's just an example. You can apply that to any country listed here. When the government has a lot of armed thugs ready to kill civilians who say no you don't beat them by posting your discontent online, you win by getting your gun and ammo and banning together with like minded people. Yes, I am a "gun nut." I don't believe in banning or restricting anything short of a M60 or grenade launcher.
  • by maxpublic (450413) on Sunday January 12 2003, @01:02AM (#5065465) Homepage
    The subject line says it all. Apparently the author, unable to think in spans of longer than ten years, concludes that the internet isn't a tool for freedom because every oppressive regime that doesn't have at least one internet-connected computer hasn't collapsed on itself already.

    The internet isn't a violently intrusive tool. If it does contribute to the downfall to repression it'll do so slowly and insidiously, over the course of decades. Since most nations of the world had either no connection or a negligible connection to the internet back in '93, no conclusion can reasonably be reached as to its effect.

    The book is bullshit, pure and simple. No one is in a position to say much of anything on the topic, and won't be for at least another 20 or 30 years.

    Max
  • Just a second! (Score:1)

    by UnknownQ (84898) <samcoleNO@SPAMqheadquarters.com> on Sunday January 12 2003, @09:26AM (#5066411) Homepage
    That was my idea, they stole it! Except my premise [qheadquarters.com] was backwards: the networks are closed like the governments.
  • by ArsSineArtificio (150115) on Saturday January 11 2003, @09:12PM (#5064785) Homepage
    Years from now, Ph.D theses will be written with fresh and novel attempts to figure out what this guy was saying.
    [ Parent ]
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  • by Intrinsic (74189) on Sunday January 12 2003, @05:29PM (#5068729) Homepage
    Its simple really, No person should need to take resposnsibility for something they helped create so long as it was intended for harmless use.
    We can control what other people do with our work.
    [ Parent ]
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