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Comments: 242 +-   Cato Institute Critique of Software Patents on Sunday August 30, @03:16PM

Posted by timothy on Sunday August 30, @03:16PM
from the oprah-favre dept.
patents
software
usa
binarybits writes "I've written an article for the free-market Cato Institute about how patents impede innovation in the software industry. It points out that people tend not to realize how vast the software industry is. It's not just Google and Microsoft; virtually every organization has an IT department producing potentially-infringing software. Organizations as diverse as J. Crew and the Green Bay Packers have been sued for patent infringement. It's crazy to expect all these organizations to worry about potential patent infringement. Hopefully the Supreme Court's Bilski decision will lead to new limits on software patents."
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  • Excellent, but... (Score:5, Insightful)

    by Anonymous Coward on Sunday August 30, @03:23PM (#29254139)

    do you really expect rational arguments in favor of the public good to be of any help against entrenched interests in this matter?

    • Re:Excellent, but... (Score:5, Interesting)

      by Trepidity (597) <delirium-slashdot&hackish,org> on Sunday August 30, @03:43PM (#29254271) Homepage

      Even from that perspective, it might be of some use. I'm not always a big fan of the Cato Institute, but they're influential among free-market conservative politicians. When it comes to entrenched interests with lots of lobbyists, Cato is one of them, so them lining up on this side could be useful. Of course, it remains to be seen how strong the support is--- will Cato actively lobby against software patents, or just publish the occasional article?

      • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

        Hilariously wrong. Cato is a *libertarian* think tank. They have next to no influence, compared to the usual K-street actors (AARP, unions, industries of all kinds, trial lawyers, environmentalists, etc.)

        Think about it: What libertarian policies have you seen Congress adopt recently?

            - Alaska Jack

        • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

          Libertarianism is anarchy for rich people.

          Or a mechanism for poor people who value their freedom more than they covet the rich person's fancy house or SUV.

          I'll take my civil liberties over governmental attempts to correct injustice (which usually accomplish nothing more than to shift the injustice around), thank you very much.

          • It's not really an either/or. Most classical liberals were in favor both of freedoms in general and modest social safety nets. When Adam Smith, Thomas Jefferson, etc., were railing against government, it was against the police-state style of government on the one hand, and distorting interventions into the economy like mercantilism on the other hand. They weren't against government using tax revenue to produce public goods, like roads, bridges, ferries, public fountains, orphanages, public schools, etc.

    • by Dreadneck (982170) on Sunday August 30, @04:32PM (#29254617)

      do you really expect rational arguments in favor of the public good to be of any help against entrenched interests in this matter?

      Rational arguments that are logically sound and easily understood actually are of help in this matter.

      No matter how powerful entrenched interests appear to be, their power is dependent upon a majority of the people tolerating or being ignorant of their bad behavior and its consequences.

      Convince enough of the people, with sound argument, that they are being negatively impacted and they will raise hell until the situation is remedied.

      Politicians may be bought and sold by the special interests but ultimately, if the people become angered enough to speak up and act, the pols do what their constituents demand. Why? Because they can't enrich themselves if they get kicked out of office.

      There's a reason that the entrenched powers seek to control the flow of information and, subsequently, to control public perception by way of opinion makers, so-called "experts" and commentators, who dictate the terms and content of both sides of the argument.

      Think about it and you will quickly see why "rational arguments in favor of the public good" are important.

      Hint: "It's simple - free your mind and your ass will follow." -- Junior, Platoon

        • Tort reform (Score:4, Insightful)

          The only ones I could see supporting software patents are some patent lawyers.

          Well, then we are screwed, because tort reform of any kind certainly isn't in the interests of the current political party that happens in be in power in Washington.

          Let me first get this out of the way, I don't consider patent reform as being anything like tort reform. And I certainly don't want to make it easier for someone to get away with messing up a person's life. Because of someone's recklessness I was left with a disability when I survived an injury I wish I had died from.

          On second thought, I'm too angry to recall what I was going to write so there is no follow up.

          Falcon

  • FTFA: They also sign broad cross-licensing agreements with other large firms promising not to sue one another. This has prevented patents from bringing the software industry to a standstill, but it's hard to see how the practice promotes innovation.
    This is defense from a lawsuit by a company that makes useful products. It doesn't help against patent trolls.
    • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

      This is defense from a lawsuit by a company that makes useful products. It doesn't help against patent trolls.

      Basically, if you own a patent, you're actually better off not producing any products.

      • There's some truth to this. The company AMI Semiconductor stole a bunch of my patent-pending ideas back in 2000 and produced the Express Arrays with them. Basically, they paid us enough money to barely stay in business while we helped with the first array, and when it worked, they killed the deal, and took the technology. They crippled my little company, but we struggled and stayed alive. Had I gone after AMI, they would have killed us with court costs. One alternate plan I had if AMI succeeded in kill

    • Re:Cato Rocks (Score:4, Insightful)

      by bkpark (1253468) on Sunday August 30, @04:15PM (#29254473) Homepage

      This is defense from a lawsuit by a company that makes useful products. It doesn't help against patent trolls.

      So far, I think the only thing stopping patent trolls have been that companies that do make useful products have more resources, better legal department, and bigger war chest (yay, capitalism).

      But the way lawyers have been getting their way in everything, especially in the D.C., who knows how long this will last.

  • Assholes (Score:3, Insightful)

    by Kell Bengal (711123) on Sunday August 30, @03:28PM (#29254167)
    There are three things that turn otherwise sensible people into assholes: money, cars and sex. So long as somebody thinks there's money to be made with them, they'll be around.
  • by kanweg (771128) on Sunday August 30, @03:33PM (#29254201)

    Patent attorney here. Yes, software patents shouldn't be there. Patents are there to stop people from sitting on their ideas. Stopping people from sitting on their ideas helps society, because it give society more knowledge. However, for software there is no need for this mechanism. There is no shortage of innovation because of lack of progress. If one person doesn't think of it, another one will. Also, the first sale doctrine doesn't work. If I have a patent on a resistor, and I sell it to you and you put it in a computer, you're free to do that. You don't have that with software. I can't buy a piece of, say, Word, and use it in my own programs. For the same reason, it is very hard to figure out whether your program is off the hook. Any aspect of a program could be patented. Finally, software patents are bad (with so called "wish" claims). I have programs developed for my company. It takes me 5 seconds to come up with an idea, but it may take the programmer 5 days, or 5 weeks, to implement. If I go with a software patent to a programmer, no time is saved.

    The patent system is open source avant la lettre. An inventor has to provide all his knowledge (provide the best mode), in a way that can be replicated by an ordinary person skilled in the art, and it is available on line from patent offices. The "license" it comes with is a peculiar one (territorial limited/time limited), but it expires sooner than any copyright. But it is a rough tool. Fine for many types of inventions, including medical drugs, but not for software (or business methods).

    Bert

    • Yes, software patents shouldn't be there. Patents are there to stop people from sitting on their ideas

      Patents in general should not be there. Leonardo da Vinci and Archimedes did not "sit on their ideas, and they did not have patents to protect them.

    • by moon3 (1530265) on Sunday August 30, @04:19PM (#29254503)
      Fine for many types of inventions, including medical drugs
      It is NOT fine for software, but certainly it is NOT fine for medical drugs. Can anybody else enhance failing Tamiflu now when Roche holds all the key patents? Thousands might or have to die because Roche is blocking others from the drug developement, it might not be so, but certainly possible. Similar in software, I have to pay $600 for Adobe CS4 as nobody can't produce similar tools because Adobe have their 'patent portfolio' there.
      • Re: (Score:3, Informative)

        The idea is that Roche developed Tamiflu, and 20 years from now anyone can make Tamiflu. At worst, society is losing a 20 society-disease-years over the matter (that's a fun unit, innit?). Afterward, society gets to benefit from a new flu drug (infinite society-disease-years, or something like that - and probably with a bigger unit of Society to boot).

        Consider the alternative, where there is no such patent available. Does Tamiflu, or an enhancement, get created at all in this scenario? Sure! Of course! .

    • Re: (Score:3, Informative)

      Exactly. Show me somebody who's implemented a software algorithm from its description in a patent document and I'll show you a pig that can carry a family of six aloft across the Atlantic.

      • by kanweg (771128) on Sunday August 30, @03:44PM (#29254279)

        It is not either/OR. So, they get the copyright too. Double whammy.

        Bert

        • It is not either/OR. So, they get the copyright too. Double whammy.

          Bert

          Or one step forward and two steps back. Copyright is both a positive right (it gives the author the right to distribute and sell his product under his own conditions) and a negative right (you can forbid others to do certain stuff with your copyrighted work). A single patent, which is a purely negative right (you only get to forbid others from doing stuff), from someone else can however completely undermine the positive rights conferred by copyright.

          • Copyright is both a positive right (it gives the author the right to distribute and sell his product under his own conditions) and a negative right (you can forbid others to do certain stuff with your copyrighted work).

            No, copyrights are purely negative rights. They permit the author to forbid others from doing certain things with their work under certain circumstances. But they provide the author no affirmative rights to do anything with his work. An author's right to create or publish a work is an exercise of his right of free speech and press, no different than if he were to use the work of another in a manner not prohibited by copyright. In the US, this right is guaranteed by the federal First Amendment and by similar provisions at the state level.

            This is why, for example, an author could create obscene works, or child pornography, or libel, and have a perfectly valid copyright on them (there's no morals clause to what is eligible for copyright), but not be allowed to publish or perhaps even possess copies.

      • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

        I would think a software creator would prefer a copyright over a patent because copyrights last much longer even though they are not as encompassing

        Copyrights are not enough. If X is the new innovative piece of code within a program, a competitor can buy the program, fire up a debugger, and look at the disassembled code for X. Once he understands how it works (reverse engineering), he can then recreate that code in a higher language, say C. Copyright does not work here. Then there are cases where the code

        • Copyrights are not enough. If X is the new innovative piece of code within a program, a competitor can buy the program, fire up a debugger, and look at the disassembled code for X.

          At this point he's infringing copyright just as much as when he'd making unlicensed copies.

          Then there are cases where the code is not that hard, and you can copy the idea by just looking at the end product. Therefore having patents is necessary.

          Well, no. It's only necessary if the competition stemming from this imitation kills the market rather than stimulate it. In general, more competition is better.

            • Copyrights are not enough. If X is the new innovative piece of code within a program, a competitor can buy the program, fire up a debugger, and look at the disassembled code for X.

              At this point he's infringing copyright just as much as when he'd making unlicensed copies.

              No, he's not.

              Yes, he is, at least in the EU. Reverse-engineering is forbidden by software copyright law here, except if all of the following conditions are true:

              • it's solely for the purpose of interoperability
              • the information you need is not readily available otherwise
              • you do not publish the information that you discovered this way (although you can sell programs making use of this information; not sure how this would work with open source)

              See article 6 of the EU software copyright directive [europa.eu].

              The output of his reverse engineering will be the abstract method that can be covered by a patent, but not by copyright. For example, after looking at the disassembly for X, and performing more analysis using a debugger, he figures out the steps to perform X are:

              At the very least, you are tainted when you do stuff like this. Phoenix didn't do clean room reverse-engineering for nothing when they re-implemented IBM's BIOS [computerworld.com].

              Then there are cases where the code is not that hard, and you can copy the idea by just looking at the end product. Therefore having patents is necessary.

              Well, no. It's only necessary if the competition stemming from this imitation kills the market rather than stimulate it. In general, more competition is better.

              Right, but competition usually means performing to equal or exceed your competitor.

              And this can be in many ways: customer service, price, time to market, branding, offered products etc.

              If you simply sit by and wait, then copy (steal) something innovative created by your competitor, that's not performing at all.

              Actually, that is exactly how competition works. You take what already exists, duplicate it and presumably add value in one way or another (from the list above). A certain amount of imitation is mandatory to have a competitive market.

              Thanks to copyright and to the complexity of making well-working and polished software, innovators automatically have a limited lead-time advantage. Artificially extending this by many years using patents is only justifiable if otherwise the entire innovation of the industry would collapse. And there are simply no indications that this is the case, on the contrary.

              It's just leeching off someone else's work to profit yourself. Soon inventors will get tired of getting taken advantage of, and only pursue inventions that take little time and money. That way, if someone copies their ideas, the loss won't be much. But society, as a general, will suffer more because many good inventions take more time and money, and those won't be created without sufficient protection.

              It turns out that the above is simply not true in case of the software world. Competition (i.e., what you call copying, stealing and whatnot) is what drives innovation in the software industry, and the traditionally mild IP-regimes have been very conductive to this. See the overview of studies [slashdot.org] I posted in a previous comment.

        • "If X is the new innovative piece of code within a program, a competitor can buy the program, fire up a debugger, and look at the disassembled code for X. Once he understands how it works (reverse engineering), he can then recreate that code in a higher language, say C. Copyright does not work here. Then there are cases where the code is not that hard, and you can copy the idea by just looking at the end product."

          I missed the part where that's a bad thing.

        • I would think a software creator would prefer a copyright over a patent because copyrights last much longer even though they are not as encompassing

          Copyrights are not enough. If X is the new innovative piece of code within a program, a competitor can buy the program, fire up a debugger, and look at the disassembled code for X. Once he understands how it works (reverse engineering), he can then recreate that code in a higher language, say C. Copyright does not work here. Then there are cases where the code is not that hard, and you can copy the idea by just looking at the end product. Therefore having patents is necessary.

          At which point he's put in at least as much effort as you did (reverse engineering is hard). Which means that he can't unfairly undercut you, so the only thing patents would do is hinder progress by letting you sit on your ass for 20 years.

                • Where do individual authors get off thinking that their incremental improvements on the ideas of other inventors which they released out into the world as a working product get to keep other people from making incremental improvements on top of it and distributing their own products?

                  Where do authors get off thinking they are doing more than riffing off someone else's chord?

                  And where do they get off thinking the government needs to enforce a monopoly for them on these derivative ideas?

                • Your statement insinuates the reverse engineering person somehow has legal rights to the work of others just because reverse engineering the invention is hard.

                  No.

                  I am saying that they have that right by default (because knowledge fundamentally cannot be owned), and that reverse engineering being hard means that the fundamental justification for the patent system ("to promote the progress of science and the useful arts") cannot justify taking that right away in such a case.

                  All patents do is ensure the inventor, the person giving the benefits, is adequately compensated for his work, that's all.

                  No, they do not. They attempt to do so, but don't do a very good job and have a huge number of bad side effects (like blocking other inventions, turning the common case of simultaneous invention into a lottery, adding overhead to basically all research, etc).

        • Re: (Score:3, Interesting)

          > Copyrights are not enough. If X is the new innovative piece of code within a program, a competitor can
          > buy the program, fire up a debugger, and look at the disassembled code for X. Once he understands how it
          > works (reverse engineering), he can then recreate that code in a higher language, say C. Copyright does not work here.
          > Then there are cases where the code is not that hard, and you can copy the idea by just looking at the end product.
          > Therefore having patents is necessary.

          Admittedly

      • Re: (Score:3, Informative)

        The "exhaustion doctrine" is also sometimes known as the "first sale doctrine". While not identical to copyright first sale, it is analogous.

        As far as State Street goes, have most of the software improvements since then been patented? No? Have some that would have happened anyway been patented in a bogus overbroad way by non-implementers? When I watch true innovators like RIM get their pants sued off by people who didn't do anything except sit around brainstorming 5 second ideas with their patent attorn

      • Patent attorney here. Yes, software patents shouldn't be there. Patents are there to stop people from sitting on their ideas. Stopping people from sitting on their ideas helps society, because it give society more knowledge. However, for software there is no need for this mechanism.

        [Citation needed].

        Here's a bunch of citations [ffii.org] I once collected (note that it also includes a few opinions of political committees, but those are clearly marked).

        Since State Street, there has been immeasurable innovation in the field of software. You've got nothing to back up this assertion.

        I think we can indeed agree that software patents have not killed the software industry. That's however not a very strong argument if you claim that software patents are necessary or even helpful.

        There is no shortage of innovation because of lack of progress. If one person doesn't think of it, another one will.

        The same could be said about any field of invention, including machines and compositions of matter.

        It's however doubly so applicable to software, because software innovation requires much less investment in materials, works with an idealised abstraction (rather than with finicky physical bits), and consists almost exclusively of incremental innovation. A.o., the FTC report and the report by the National Research Council cited above go into more detail.

        Well, you could read the claims of the patent. That would make it very easy to figure out whether your program is off the hook.

        Of "the" patent? You mean of all the granted patents, right?

        And actually, the risk of whether or not you infringe on a patent (software or otherwise) is simply not manageable in practice. How do I know? Because you cannot insure yourself against such risks. AIG, Lloyds and others have tried for a short while to offer such policies, and suffered losses up to 3000% [edri.org]! So if even those guys specialised in risk management can't determine the risk of infringing on a patent, what makes you think Joe the Programmer can do so with any degree of accuracy?

        • Re: (Score:3, Interesting)

          Here's a bunch of citations [ffii.org] I once collected (note that it also includes a few opinions of political committees, but those are clearly marked).

          Thank you for that... I'll have to read through them. Will get back to you.

          Since State Street, there has been immeasurable innovation in the field of software. You've got nothing to back up this assertion.

          I think we can indeed agree that software patents have not killed the software industry. That's however not a very strong argument if you claim that software patents are necessary or even helpful.

          Yes, but it refutes GP's argument that software patents are bad per se. It's equivalent to an assertion that if we didn't have the death penalty, there would be a thousand-fold increase in the murder rate. Sure, that's an interesting thought

      • Since State Street, there has been immeasurable innovation in the field of software.

        That is entirely meaningless. What you need to measure is (1) how much of that innovation would not have happened without patents, and (2) how much other innovation would have happened without patents.

        Figure out how much software there is where once you know what it does or how it works, re-implementing it would take 100x less effort.

        Figure out how much software was lost due to "chilling effects" where people are afraid to do anything, and how much was outright killed (like for example Blackboard has been trying to do to everyone else in that industry).

        I'm guessing that (1) is very very small, and (2) is significantly bigger but still somewhat small when taken as a fraction of all software.

        • Re: (Score:3, Informative)

          That is entirely meaningless. What you need to measure is (1) how much of that innovation would not have happened without patents, and (2) how much other innovation would have happened without patents.

          The only reason that the software industry hasn't been brought to a grinding halt by patents is that software is generally opaque; few other than the maker knows the details of how it works (and yes, that applies to open source as well, to a large extent). So even the patent holders have no idea how much infr

  • This particular argument from the article is oft-repeated but weak:

      "Software developers already enjoy strong copyright protections for their work, rendering patent protection largely redundant."

    The exact same argument could be made for several classes of patent, such as chemical process patents, that people seem to generally consider legitimate patents in pretty much every country that has patents. If I am to believe that this is a compelling argument against software patents, then it is also a compelling argument against some other patentable areas. (Most arguments against software patents have this feature.)

    On the other hand, a much more compelling argument can be made against "business method" patents (a subset of the suitcase called "software" patents) because they do not strictly define a machine. The reason algorithm patents (also part of the "software" patent suitcase) have long been acceptable just about everywhere is that they are strict abstractions of novel circuits (patentable material in virtually every country). As a general observation, most proponents of software patents are thinking of algorithm patents while most opponents of software patents are thinking of business method patents. The ambiguity of the term "software patent" muddies the context and makes intelligent discussions more difficult. It would help if everyone was more precise in their selection of terms.

    • by jedidiah (1196) on Sunday August 30, @04:08PM (#29254413) Homepage

      What is the greater tragedy?

            Blizzard and Microsoft re-invent their gaming tech.

                  or

            Blizzard and MS are at the mercy of Electronic Arts because EA managed to patent something that each could re-create in isolation?

      Patents are meant to prevent wasteful re-invention or avoid the extreme case when re-invention is not likely.

      The problem with patents today is that patents are being granted for trivial and obvious things that could be easily re-invented by a few undergraduate students.

    • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

      The reason algorithm patents (also part of the "software" patent suitcase) have long been acceptable just about everywhere

      Well, no. The real software patents have only been acceptable in the US since State Street (Diamond vs. Diehr was about curing rubber, except that the rubber curing was software-controlled; i.e., the patent claimed a process for curing rubber, the fact that it was computer-controlled was just an aside and not central to the patentability). State Street was in 1998.

      Both in the US and in Europe, there is still a lot of controversy about software patents till today (this paper only confirms that). India didn't

          • They are when implemented using a computer algorithm. There is no inherent difference between, e.g., a computer program that implements one-click shopping and a computer program that compresses data. You can also turn both into dedicated circuit designs, should you want to.

            This is incorrect. A compression algorithm has a strict definition for all use cases, a set of input bits mapped via specified transformations to a particular set of output bits. This is no different than a chemical process patent, which specifies the inputs and transformations to generate the output; it says nothing about the specific plant implementation or similar transformations that work on different inputs or generate identical outputs.

            What are the logical transforms and the input and output bit set pattern for one-click shopping? What is a universal boolean logic for selling pet food on the Internet? The very reason business method patents are being questioned is because no such specification exists or can exist for a useful implementation; any specification strict enough to be reducible to a machine would also be too narrow to have any value. In short, business method patents lack sufficiently strict specification to be directly mapped to a machine. That is a rather important difference.

            Business methods patents are considered bad because in order for them to be useful as patents (i.e. not trivially worked around), they also have to be vague enough that no strict machine specification is possible.

    • by vadim_t (324782) on Sunday August 30, @04:16PM (#29254479) Homepage

      Well, I don't agree with patenting algorithms either.

      I think when you think of an algorithm, you have in mind something like an image recognizing algorithm that took years to perfect.

      But when I as a developer think of an algorithm I think of very basic building blocks, like binary search, quicksort, hashes, RLE compression, Hamming code. If any of those was patented progress would get slowed down for years.

      It can get even simpler than that. Something trivial like "if( there_is_data_to_print && there_is_paper && there_is_ink ) print_document()" is an algorithm.

      Allowing patents on this means giving somebody the ownership of a piece of math. That something could be illegal to calculate without paying somebody is completely insane IMO.

      As a developer I say: I don't want software patents in any shape or form. Not of the "business method" sort. Not of the "algorithm" sort. There should never be such a thing as a line of code that can't be written without paying somebody for a license. Period.

        • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

          I don't have time for a proper reply right now, but I'll say this:

          I think that if patents ever worked, they have stopped doing what they were intended to do. So I'm skeptical about the usefulness of having patents at all.

          That said, I'm only an expert in my own field, and I'm completely certain that I don't want them there. And note that I'm somebody who could supposedly benefit from their existence.

  • by Anonymous Coward on Sunday August 30, @04:04PM (#29254395)

    Anyone who's written a relatively small amount of software has very likely infringed on someones software patent. I happen to know for a fact I'm an infringer since I wrote software that did a simple zip-code distance lookup web program and years later found out someone actually managed to patent this. The application was taken down years ago because the organization I created it for ceased to exist and had extremely shallow pockets so there's no real danger of being sued over it. I don't recall how I found out about the patent, but it certainly wasn't from looking through granted patents.

    The point being it's not that difficult to infringe on someones software patent and have absolutely no idea you've done so. It wouldn't surprise me in the least if I learned I've personally written code that infringed on dozens of other software patents. I'd be extremely surprised if the libraries I use every day didn't infringe on at least one software patent.

  • Anti-patent whining (Score:4, Informative)

    by Animats (122034) on Sunday August 30, @04:08PM (#29254415) Homepage

    "Imagine the outcry if the courts were to legalize patents on English prose. Suddenly, you could get a "literary patent" on novels employing a particular kind of plot twist..."

    Copyright on literary concepts is strong enough to survive conversion from book to film, even when nothing remains of the original dialogue. It's strong enough to cover original sequels. Read Harry Potter and the Unauthorized Sequel. [marquette.edu] The concept of "scenes a faire" [wikipedia.org] covers the concept of literary "prior art" and prevents re-copyrighting the obvious. This is generally considered workable, although it took some litigation in the 1980s before the law settled down as regarding video game "look and feel".

    "Small businesses and nonprofit organizations far removed from the traditional software industry have IT departments producing potentially infringing software. The Brookings Institution's Ben Klemens has" documented [cato.org] that this is not a theoretical problem"

    Following the "documented" link leads to a set of PowerPoint slides by someone listed as "Senior Statistician, Mood and Affective Disorders, NIMH". (Where does the Cato Institute find these people?) He's grumbling about infringement lawsuits directed against the Green Bay Packers, Caterpillar, Kraft Foods, J. Crew, Linens and Things, McDonalds, Dole Food, and Oprah Winfrey. All occupy dominant positions in their industry. (Technically, the Green Bay Packers are a "small business", with only 189 employees, but the business is valued at $911 million.) [forbes.com] None is a nonprofit.

  • The Cato Institute is not free-market, nor is it libertarian. While it generally favors solutions closer to the free-market than absolute socialism, it is still solidly within the mainstream. It has never, to my knowledge, actually supported a free-market solution to anything, but rather socialism-lite, being governmental control over the economy with a velvet glove, as opposed to the iron fist of moderate or pure socialism.

    It is nice to see Cato catching up to the real supporters of the free-market, wh

    • By real supporters of the "free-market" do you mean the folks over at mises.org? I would say that the Cato institute lies within the realm of pragmatic Libertarianism. While they do not take an absolute stand with the An-Cap types over at mises.org they do present realistic free-market solutions within our current system.

      • Libertarianism is defined by the non-aggression principle. Fascism, on the other hand, is a heresy of socialism, and not all forms of collectivism are fascism. Libertarianism has an acid test, whereas fascism is often too blended with other Statist and collectivist ideologies to accurately isolate.
  • ... a patentable media but a human right and duty to make use of to advance.

    See: Abstraction Physics [abstractionphysics.net]

    • Hmm. (Score:3, Insightful)

      Patent attorney here, specializing in software patents.

      The only difference is that software is a hot field right now, and you're a bunch of programmers.

      Yeah, we should ignore all those hopelessly biased programmers, and listen to totally impartial you.

I use technology in order to hate it more properly. -- Nam June Paik