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Lessig's "In Defense of Piracy"
Posted by
Soulskill
on Sat Oct 11, 2008 12:03 PM
from the landlubbers-just-don't-understand dept.
from the landlubbers-just-don't-understand dept.
chromakey writes "The Wall Street Journal is running an essay from Lawrence Lessig about the fair use of copyrighted material on the Internet. He makes the case that companies who go to extreme lengths to squash minor videos, such as Universal, are stifling creativity in the modern era. Lessig makes specific reference to a YouTube video that was hit by a DMCA takedown notice, in which a 13-month-old child is dancing to a nearly inaudible soundtrack of Prince's 'Let's Go Crazy.' Lawrence Lessig is a board member for the Electronic Frontier Foundation."
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Lawrence Lessig Answers Your Questions 326 comments
You asked Stanford Law professor, author and general voice of reason Lawrence Lessig some great questions about rights, law, and the electronic world. Lessig has has gotten back with some fittingly thoughtful answers -- some optimistic, some discomfiting, some biting. Read on to find out what he's got to say.
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Should be happy. (Score:4, Funny)
Re:Should be happy. (Score:5, Funny)
Parent
Re:My piracy experiment on Slashdot (Score:5, Insightful)
The GPL is a form of copyright licensing that attempts to enforce certain usage restrictions/requirements. I don't understand why you think the GPL would be unnecessary if we didn't have copyright. The purpose of the GPL is to ensure that changes made to something are returned to everybody, and without copyright, there would be no reason to follow the license and distribute any changes made. The GPL doesn't exist as a reaction to copyright; it requires copyright to have any power.
Parent
Re: (Score:3, Insightful)
The GPL wouldn't be necessary because those that took the code and closed it off wouldn't have any legal standing against those that continued to distribute the free versions or those that re-freed the closed off portions (by reverse engineering etc).
Like any strategy game, you have to think several moves ahead.
BSD is useless by that metric. (Score:4, Insightful)
You can take my BSD licensed source code, make a binary from it, sell me the binary, then sue me for copyright infringement if I distribute your binary without your permission.
Parent
What's particularly interesting... (Score:5, Funny)
Is that this was written by Thomas Jefferson, and Lessig just republished it under his name. Yes, Thomas Jefferson knew about YouTube 200 years before it was invented.
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He must have limited his viewing to sexy stripteases and Colbert. Tay Zonday would've scarr'd him so much we would've stayed colonies.
Wrong Thomas (Score:5, Insightful)
It was actually Thomas McCauley [baens-universe.com] in 1841.
And yes, he considered these issues and came to the same conclusions as Mr. Lessig over 150 years ago.
Maybe we should just do away with copyright [abolishcopyright.com]. That would solve this problem permanently without consuming the precious resources of the courts.
Parent
Lessig still defends copyright (Score:4, Interesting)
Re:Lessig still defends copyright (Score:5, Insightful)
The obvious point is that he is still championing change, while most of us just sit on our butts and complain. Regardless of our views on just how much more change should be ushered in, you have to respect his efforts.
As a sidenote, my captcha is 'copying'.
Parent
Re:Lessig still defends copyright (Score:5, Insightful)
Why, it's almost as if there's a spectrum of opinions on /. from disparate individuals that are merely communicating in a shared forum!
Parent
Re:Lessig still defends copyright (Score:5, Funny)
Yes, that's true, but thanks to moderation, you don't have to wade through them all, making up your own mind and forming complex, balanced opinions. The moderators have your thinking for you! You will only have to view the top one or two most popular types of opinions on any given topic!
Parent
Re: (Score:2)
I think pretty much noone thinks that making money of other peoples work is ok(main purpose of copyright is after all making sure the money(if any) goes to the right person). However many people argue that getting data for free is a right.
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Re:Lessig still defends copyright (Score:5, Insightful)
In fact, I think you have something. If only the sound track in the example were posted to Youtube, would it have been infringement? Would anyone have listened to it? I posit that it would have been useless without the little dancing kid, and therefore is a 'new' work based loosely on impressions from Prince's work, and thus required some semblance of his work to create the second and 'new' work.
How much profit should go to prince? None. He got free advertising and possibly should pay a royalty to the second artist. After all, if it weren't for the video there would only be 4 people thinking of Prince's music... 3 if you don't count him, or something like that.
The "time limit of popularity" has passed. His music is not on the charts anymore so using it is not unfairly drawing off his work to garner profit or popularity. In fact, it can be argued that he garnered popularity because of this second work. Once that "time limit" passes, copyright is arguably invalid.
Parent
Re:Lessig still defends copyright (Score:5, Insightful)
If you record a song and someone else manufactures copies of your song and sells them, they are killing your market.
If someone samples your song and uses a 3-second blip of sound to create their own work and sells it, there's no way in hell they are killing your market.
NOBODY has ever decided not to buy a pop CD because they already have a recording of their aunt singing the song in a karaoke bar.
Parent
Re:Lessig still defends copyright (Score:4, Funny)
I don't know, after seeing grandma drunkenly sing "Rock The Casbah" you might not want to ever hear that song again for fear of resurrecting suppressed memories.
Parent
Copyright is a means, not an end (Score:5, Insightful)
The US Constitution says:
Copyright is constitutional only if it promotes the progress of science and useful arts.
Now the question is *ARE* science and useful arts being promoted by copyrights? Would you say that this work [imdb.com] is a progress over this one [imdb.com]? If a remake was made, is the copyright in the older film still valid? Why?
The only thing that's being promoted by copyrights is the profit of some corporations.
Parent
Re:Copyright is a means, not an end (Score:4, Interesting)
"Copyright is constitutional only if it promotes the progress of science and useful arts."
Though I agree with you on this matter, SCOTUS does not -- and (*sigh) SCOTUS is the final arbiter of what is constitutional.
In the holdings of Eldred versus Ashcroft, it was made clear that copyright is presumed consitutional if it is for a non-infinite amount of time and preserves the distinction between idea and expression.
The idiotic copyright laws that now exist and will soon exist are subject to challenges, just not *constitutional ones.
Parent
Re:Copyright is a means, not an end (Score:4, Insightful)
I agree with you that the preface clause doesn't limit Congress to only establishing copyright if the material counts as a useful art or science, nor does it limit terms to only those durations that result in a net gain to the art or science involved.
I disagree that SCOTUS is right (not that they will listen to me). I think that the founders, when they wrote about a limited time, were treating copyright as derived from a natural right to copy, which everyone posessed by Nature, for the agnostic founders (or grant of Nature's God, for the deistic founders). That natural right was of course naturally limited, by death. No one could exercise their right to copy even a fraction of a second after they died. If that's true, then 'for a limited time' would have to mean less than a natural lifespan. Life+50, 70 and so on type limits violate this, AND they make copyright a created right, not a transferred one. By its very definition, a Life+70 type right has to be created at least in part by the government, by fiat, and not exist as a transfer.
The real downside of this is, if Congress ever shortens copyright, the remaining time now doesn't have to revert to the public. If Congress were to decide tomorrow that authors could only enjoy, say, a 14 year copyright, they could give the remainder to anybody, the public, the federal government, the organized publishing industry as a whole, or whatever, and it wouldn't be a taking without just compensation, anymore than the original extension was a taking from the public (again, as SCOTUS sees it). A lot of authors who think the government is on their side may get a rude shock.
One last point - while, as far as I can see, it doesn't hurt your argument or mine, there's a real shift in what English meant then and means now. That is, useful arts mostly meant technologies and practical applications, not arts like painting or playwriting, and a lot of things we'd call arts, i.e. literature, rhetoric and philosophy, were more firmly regarded as part of the Sciences in Madison's and Jefferson's days.
Parent
Re: (Score:3, Interesting)
One problem is that the copyright industry has been very successful at equating copyright and property in the public mind. Many people now believe that the right to control the use of everything we create is an inherent human right that has existed since the dawn of time, and that copyright laws merely codified this right. In their view copyright infringement is the moral equivalent of snatching a little old lady's purse. It's hard to have a reasonable discussion of Fair Use when the copyright industry gets
Re: (Score:3)
...except that all falls apart once you realize what "militia" was being referred to in 1783.
That clause means that you, me and my next door neighbor should be well armed
and should be able to hit what we aim at because "the militia" is the entire
population of military age males.
It's not the cops.
It's not the national guard.
It's not the army.
Why should everything bring a profit? (Score:5, Insightful)
Why do media companies think that any use of media should be paid for?
Suppose farmers acted like that. They grow grain to sell, but their plants create oxygen from carbon dioxide gas as a side effect. Oxygen is a valuable commodity, it's sold in bottles for many uses: hospitals, aviators, steel-cutting, etc. But farmers are sensible enough to know that it would be totally impractical to try to charge for the oxygen their plants release into the atmosphere.
Media companies should grow up and accept the same fact for their productions. Copyrights should be enforced in movie theatres, someone sneaking into a theatre to watch a movie without paying is somewhat like someone stealing grain from a farmer. But trying to charge for every little use of their media is like a farmer trying to charge for the oxygen their plants release into the atmosphere the same price industrial gas distributors charge for bottled oxygen.
Re: (Score:3, Insightful)
Only until it becomes practical to do that. When it does, expect the market of all sorts of airs ("Wisconsin Pasture", "Vermont Forest") — and expect people trying to sneak into the crops-covering air-collecting canopy for a sniff to get busted (deservingly).
Re:Why should everything bring a profit? (Score:5, Insightful)
Well, when that day comes, those farmers better make damn sure that none of the carbon dioxide those plants consume comes from my lungs.
Parent
Re: (Score:2)
O2 is a secondary by-product from farming. With media companies, the media is their primary product. Apples and oranges.
Do media companies go overboard? Yes. Should they be able to charge for their product? Yes.
Re:Why should everything bring a profit? (Score:4, Insightful)
Hmmm, I see. So, you're saying that when a company creates a film for theatre exhibition, they cannot charge for the by-products? Such as foreign translations? TV versions? DVDs? Sound tracks? Mpeg files?
Parent
Re: (Score:3, Interesting)
By separating production and publishing, we can get out of the situation whereby "back catalogues" can be made arbitrarily u
Re:Why should everything bring a profit? (Score:5, Insightful)
"Why do media companies think that any use of media should be paid for?"
Because the metaphor of property was allowed to run rampant, unquestioned.
Not to flamebait or OT, but as in many things, rms was prophetic about this. He begged anyone who would listen not to use the term "intellectual property" as was widely ridiculed, as in many things.
Parent
Re: (Score:3, Insightful)
Agreed, but there's actually a similar situation on the other side of copyrights, where copyrights are considered so far divorced from property, that breaking copyright isn't considered stealing, despite the good reasons to do so. (I will go into them if anyone wants to know)
Re:Why should everything bring a profit? (Score:5, Insightful)
When I buy food in a restaurant, the chef adds value to the ingredients by preparing them in a knowledgable way. I find more value in, and am willing to pay more for, a fine dinner than I am for a fish and some vegetables. The end product has more value than its constituent parts because of the valuable skills the chef used to create it.
Value is not inherent in anything. Human creativity and ingenuity versus our needs creates value. Iron is not valuable to a stone age society. It becomes highly valuable once they possess the skill to use it in a way that helps meet their needs.
Another example. The hard drive in your computer is more valuable to you than other hard drives or the $30 (approx) it cost to manufacture because it holds data that is presumably important to you on it. So, it is more valuable than its constituent components. And it's not any more valuable to me than another hard drive, because I don't have any interest in the data on it.
So, I humbly disagree that value can't be added to something already existing. I think that nothing has inherent value, and whatever value it does have (financially or otherwise) is placed upon it us. But that's just my philosophical point of view.
Parent
Re:Why should everything bring a profit? (Score:5, Insightful)
I don't think he misunderstood you at all - he's just saying your wrong.
A pile of fish, vegetable, and spices in a grocery store have a general value. In their unprocessed form, they are worth little. If I go home and prepare them myself their value will increase a little because of the preparation. If a good chef does it, the value will increase much more. The finished product is worth more than the unprocessed form. To believe otherwise is to essentially reduce the value of human labor to zero - afterall if the materials had all the value at the start then after the labor has been expended in your view the value has not changed.
Try to get by in a world where you aren't willing to pay anything for human labor. Unless you're one hell of a subsistence farmer, it's just not going to work.
Parent
Re:Why should everything bring a profit? (Score:4, Interesting)
He had been droning along about "value," comparing the Marxist theory with the orthodox "use" theory. Mr. Dubois had said, "Of course, the Marxian definition of value is ridiculous. All the work one cares to add will not turn a mud pie into an apple tart; it remains a mud pie, value zero. By corollary, unskillful work can easily subtract value; an untalented cook can turn wholesome dough and fresh green apples, valuable already, into an inedible mess, value zero. Conversely, a great chef can fashion of those same materials a confection of greater value than a commonplace apple tart, with no more effort than an ordinary cook uses to prepare an ordinary sweet.
"These kitchen illustrations demolish the Marxian theory of value -- the fallacy from which the entire magnificent fraud of communism derives -- and to illustrate the truth of the common-sense definition as measured in terms of use."
Dubois had waved his stump at us. "Nevertheless -- wake up, back there! -- nevertheless the disheveled old mystic of Das Kapital, turgid, tortured, confused, and neurotic, unscientific, illogical, this pompous fraud Karl Marx, nevertheless had a glimmering of a very important truth. If he had possessed an analytical mind, he might have formulated the first adequate definition of value . . . and this planet might have been saved endless grief.
" 'Value' has no meaning other than in relation to living beings. The value of a thing is always relative to a particular person, is completely personal and different in quantity for each living human -- 'market value' is a fiction, merely a rough guess at the average of personal values, all of which must be quantitatively different or trade would be impossible."
"This very personal relationship, 'value,' has two factors for a human being: first, what he can do with a thing, its use to him . . . and second, what he must do to get it, its cost to him. There is an old song which asserts that 'the best things in life are free.' Not true! Utterly false! This was the tragic fallacy which brought on the decadence and collapse of the democracies of the twentieth century; those noble experiments failed because the people had been led to believe that they could simply vote for whatever they wanted . . . and get it, without toil, without sweat, without tears.
"Nothing of value is free. Even the breath of life is purchased at birth only through gasping effort and pain."
Parent
Re: (Score:3, Insightful)
There's nothing wrong with the point you're making; I was just pointing out an interesting difference, and I think I understand your argument perfectly well. Whereas you see value as being pre-existing (what I'm referring to as "inherent") I see val
Re:Why should everything bring a profit? (Score:4, Funny)
Hey asshole. I have some added value for all our entertainment. I have the knowlege of when I am going to come over and kick you in the crotch for pedantic asshattery
This is a valuable piece of information, which if you had it, you could use it to cover your balls with something protective.
The intention to kick you in the crotch did not exist before I read your worthless crap, and the kick in the crotch will not exist until I deliver it, personally, to your nuts.
I created it. Out of the void. It will add value to this community, and I created it from nothing. I am like.... God... and my violent unleashing of my boot upon your tender nutsack will truely be the genesis of my long term work. I will call it "Feetamoderation".
Parent
Re: (Score:3, Funny)
Farmers vs. cars?
Wake me when we can grow cars.
People in Rebellion (Score:4, Interesting)
It has come to the point in America that many people are in some form of rebellion. Copyright issues are but a small edge of the issues that surround us. But as things now stand in the social justice arena piracy of intellectual property is not something I'm willing to get all excited about.Perhaps when our lazy government gets off of its backside and does something about the exploitation of our citizens by outrageous fuel and power prices and mortgages designed by Satan then i'll worry about whether somebody hummed a tune he heard on the radio without permission of a record company.
What can the government do about energy prices? (Score:3, Insightful)
Perhaps when our lazy government gets off of its backside and does something about the exploitation of our citizens by outrageous fuel and power prices [...] then i'll worry about [copyright misuse]
The United States government can't just force firms in other countries to sell energy more cheaply. There are two ways to push the price of a good down: increase supply or decrease demand. A government can regulate demand for a particular form of energy down somewhat by subsidizing more energy-efficient products, and it can regulate supply up by subsidizing forms of energy that haven't yet been widely exploited, but these won't have as dramatic an effect on energy prices as some might hope.
End all copyright - it's based on flawed logic (Score:5, Insightful)
Re: (Score:3, Insightful)
The notion that without monopolies, creative people would not create has long been disproved. No monopolies are necessary to foster creativity. The best, most creative people will create regardless. The hacks are the ones who need monopoly protection. For example, without copyright, Neil Young would still be making music, but Brittney Spears would not.
That some guy will come up with some song and play a few lines on his guitar yes, but that's like proving an all out nuclear war isn't the end because the cockroaches would survive. Take a modern day TV production, and look at the credits. There's maybe five main actors, but a ton of people doing location, camera, sound, makeup, wardrobe, props, sound effects, music, editing, special effects and all the other bits of putting it all together. Neil Young's songs make him famous, so is Jerry Seinfeld but most
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ARGH! STRAWMAN!! No-one makes that argument! The problem is that copying = no chance of you buying (whereas statistically you had some chance of buying before) = loss, in the sense that without gluttonous quantities free entertainment you, or at least other people in
FYI, Lessig left the EFF board (Score:5, Informative)
According to the submitter's blurb:
According to TFA:
Well it's still going to take awhile (Score:5, Insightful)
1) It has to be accepted by society.
Many still do not understand the Open Source model. If you look at financial markets and talk to business people they don't understand how RedHat and Novell plan to make money selling free software.
2) Those who appreciate open source, need to reward those who produce for the open market.
Not many have gotten filthy rich from open source.
3) Lessig is correct.
Copyright and IP rights are probably going to be here for awhile and probably should stay. Those who publish and produced copyright and license information software are going to be here for awhile. They choose to participate in a different market. Until there is a detriment or significant benefit to participation in one type of market or another, there is always going to be a choice.
4) Get over it
As long as MS, Universal,
Personally, I believe this is going to bite them in the ass big time. They want an open global market and yet they want IP rights at the same time. Well guess what, you manufacture your product in Asia and you've pretty much open sourced your product. They don't like to talk about it very much, but it is a fact of what is happening.
[ubiquitous car analogy] If you make a car and you want it made cheaply, you had better have figured out a way to make a steady income from that car. What is happening is companies are requesting certain manufacturing be done, and then all of a sudden somebody else is manufacturing the same product. They start screaming "They stole our product". Guess what get over it, by the time you finish the legal international law wrangling, there is nothing left.
So as soon as a company accepts open source the quicker they will be able to adjust to the global market.
Sell unlimited use by context to individuals (Score:3, Insightful)
You know, if these companies thought on a smaller scale, they could just work out a deal with individuals where if a copyrighted work is unintentionally embedded into that individual's content, that individual could pay a reasonably small fee to continue using it without harassment, so long as it remains used only that particular context.
People like to be able to share their home movies, but with crap like this going on, anyone is potentially vulnerable to similar issues with recording industry, simply because some jackass drove by their house with the radio cranked to 11 as the video was being shot.
Oh, and forget anything like weddings or birthdays being safe from such abuses, birthdays are guaranteed to be grab bags for whoever owns the rights to "the birthday song" (which really should be in the public domain by now, IMHO). I'll bet there may even be a crack team doing nothing but searching youtube for birthday clips for any infringing content including "the birthday song" to harass those who posted it unaware they did anything wrong...
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Re: (Score:3, Interesting)
That isn't entirely true
Republicans need to go for copyright reform. (Score:3, Interesting)
Alright, this election is a lost cause but a core item in the new Republican Party that must emerge is a more open stance on copyrights. Democrats and liberals are in bed with copyrights because, well, the copyright is the life blood of the liberal - books, movies, etc, all require copyrights to succeed, and Republicans should be more willing to go after this jugular by removing the artificial laws that ensnare the very masses the Democrats claim to love.
If Democrats can do windfall profits taxes and penalty taxes on Republican economic interests ranging from petroleum to corn, then it only makes sense to shorten copyright to ten years and wave all civil penalties for infringement against anyone who, to borrow a page from Obama, makes under $250,000 a year.
If, after all, America's middle class is so strapped, then, why should we be forcing them to pay for something that they are perfectly capable of copying for free? If Madonna wants to be a Democrat, she can die by their economics.
Chris Martin can work in a windmill factory (Score:3, Funny)
I love Cold Play, but I like V8 engines too, and sometimes, we just have to give it up for Mother Earth and progress.
Since Obama is going to create 5 million new jobs making windmills, then, if we lose 350,000 jobs by getting rid of copyrights, then, clearly there's still 4,650,000 jobs left. Maybe Madonna can work in a carbon sequestration plant, dressing up mother earth with her love.
Re: (Score:3, Insightful)
An interesting idea, but unenforceable. They would just turn the contract around. Instead of the artist selling the rights to the song, he would contract the services of the MAFIAA to distribute it. Instead of getting 0.05% of the sales in royalties, he would pay 99.95% of the sales in fees.
Region coding (Score:3)
[link to Region 2 box set of Top Gear]
Top Gear is available if you look for it.
So how does Joe Sixpack, who lives in Region 1 where DVD players sold in stores are locked to Region 1, play a Region 2 DVD?