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China's Battle to Police the Web

Posted by Zonk on Thu Mar 27, 2008 03:05 PM
from the losing-battle dept.
What_the_deuce writes "For the first time in years, internet browsers are able to visit the BBC's website. In turn, the BBC turns a lens on the Chinese web-browsing experience, exploring one of the government's strongest methods of controlling the communication and information accessible to the public. 'China does not block content or web pages in this way. Instead the technology deployed by the Chinese government, called Golden Shield, scans data flowing across its section of the net for banned words or web addresses. There are five gateways which connect China to the internet and the filtering happens as data is passed through those ports. When the filtering system spots a banned term it sends instructions to the source server and destination PC to stop the flow of data.'"
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Greg Walton brings us a lengthy story from Rolling Stone which describes China's comprehensive surveillance project, dubbed Golden Shield. The 'Great Firewall of China,' which we've discussed in the past, is but one aspect of Golden Shield. It also includes national ID cards, CCTV networks, and face-recognition software. This investigation showcases just how massive an undertaking it truly is. When finished, it will dwarf London's surveillance system. Quoting: "Over the past two years, some 200,000 surveillance cameras have been installed throughout the city. Many are in public spaces, disguised as lampposts. The closed-circuit TV cameras will soon be connected to a single, nationwide network, an all-seeing system that will be capable of tracking and identifying anyone who comes within its range -- a project driven in part by U.S. technology and investment. Over the next three years, Chinese security executives predict they will install as many as 2 million CCTVs in Shenzhen, which would make it the most watched city in the world. (Security-crazy London boasts only half a million surveillance cameras.) ... This is the most important element of all: linking all these tools together in a massive, searchable database of names, photos, residency information, work history and biometric data. When Golden Shield is finished, there will be a photo in those databases for every person in China: 1.3 billion faces."
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  • SSL? Freenet? (Score:4, Interesting)

    by EdIII (1114411) * on Thursday March 27 2008, @03:10PM (#22885766)
    I'm pretty impressed that they have the ability to scan the data in the first place. That must not be cheap, or easy.

    However, if it is only scanning for keywords why aren't people bypassing it with encrypted websites, Freenet, etc?

    I think if we were talking to some average Chinese students on the street we would get the real 411 on just how effective this "Golden Shield" really is.
    • Re:SSL? Freenet? (Score:4, Informative)

      by lamarguy91 (1101967) on Thursday March 27 2008, @03:14PM (#22885836)
      Did you not read the full article? They already are.

      But there have been well-documented ways to by-pass China's firewall. One method involves connecting to a friendly computer outside China and using it as a proxy, to access websites that are banned.
      China cannot block every computer outside its borders so this method has proved popular with citizens wanting unfettered access to the net.


      I would like to know what else they are using. I might learn a thing or two from it.
      • Re: (Score:3, Interesting)

        Well, they could get a server in a datacentre in the US and either RDP or VNC to it. Since the only thing being transmitted then becomes images, the Shield wouldn't be able to do anything useful with it.
      • Re: (Score:3, Funny)

        My understanding is that those the Chinese government really afraid of are those "naive" users. So if you display that you are not in this (major, at least that's what they'd think) set of users, say by using encryption, they no longer bother.
      • Re: (Score:3, Informative)

        SSH

        Well, that would be my immediate choice. I do it from work sometimes if I don't their filters catching me.

        You need a cooperative machine outside the firewall. Then you ssh to it. SSH can act as a SOCKS proxy if you give it the "-D" option and a port number.

        Firefox and IE can both be set to browse using the proxy. Firefox even has a setting (in about:config or whatever it is) to do DNS through the proxy as well. Then everything is encrypted and travelling over a tunnel to the friendly box outside.

        Extremel
    • by sentientbrendan (316150) on Thursday March 27 2008, @03:15PM (#22885860)
      on much more data, they just don't block people.
    • Re:SSL? Freenet? (Score:5, Informative)

      by CRCulver (715279) <crculver@christopherculver.com> on Thursday March 27 2008, @03:19PM (#22885930) Homepage

      However, if it is only scanning for keywords why aren't people bypassing it with encrypted websites, Freenet, etc?

      The expats I've met in China use Firefox with the Tor extension. It slows things down, so they just normally browse, and then active Tor when they want to go to a banned site.

    • Re:SSL? Freenet? (Score:5, Interesting)

      by wbean (222522) on Thursday March 27 2008, @03:22PM (#22885954)
      Well,yes, you can do that. But I have a friend who lives in Beijing and he tells me that if you use a vpn and have too much traffic across it they will shut it down. So the firewall is aware of the presence of the vpn and can measure the traffic. Furthermore, too much use of a vpn may cast suspicion on you.
    • Re: (Score:3, Interesting)

      Oppressing an entire population is never cheap. However, when that same population is scoured for the resources to oppress them the method pays for itself. Keeping the Chinese population ignorant of their government's workings keeps the wheels turning.

      Imagine keeping a worker in a basement turning a wheel that powers your house. If you use the energy he generates to power a lock on the door, and use a portion of that power to keep him from getting any information on how to quit working, the system pays fo
    • Re:SSL? Freenet? (Score:4, Interesting)

      by Sigismundo (192183) on Thursday March 27 2008, @04:08PM (#22886490)

      A Chinese colleague of mine explained a simpler way that some Chinese have used to get past the censors. For instance, the character fa [mdbg.net] of "Falun Gong" gets split into two characters. The left part (the three dots) represents water, so shui [mdbg.net] is used instead. Without the three dots, fa becomes qu [mdbg.net]. So rather than write Falun Gong, a message board poster might write Shui-qu-lun Gong. This could be figured out by a person reading it, but wouldn't be found by computer search.

      This was a while ago, and I assume that such a simple substitution would get figured out pretty quickly, but I thought it was neat.

    • Re:SSL? Freenet? (Score:4, Interesting)

      by Squeeze Truck (2971) <xmsho@yahoo.com> on Thursday March 27 2008, @11:33PM (#22890224) Homepage
      If we were to compare governments to operating systems, the US would be Microsoft, Japan would be Apple and China would be Slackware. It really is the bazaar of societies.

      The "golden shield," like Beijing's attempt to control anything that goes on in China is completely ineffective. Westerners (who believe society is synonymous with government and law) look at China's authoritarian policies and believe that all Chinese people live under repression.

      That simply isn't the case. When Chinese people completely ignore international copyright law they aren't being selective; that's their attitude toward all laws. As the saying goes: heaven is high, and the emperor is far away. If authority can't see you or get to you, then it may as well not exist.

      If the government decides to go after you you can consider yourself proper fucked, but they only do that very rarely, and it's always against individuals or groups that really irritate them. If you keep your head low and don't do anything to inconvenience or embarrass the government they don't care what you do. 99.99% of people have never had to deal with the police, ever. Not even parking tickets. Even fewer have any kind of criminal record.

      That's how it is with internet censorship. The golden shield leaks like a sieve and everyone knows it. Since it's keyword activated you can get away with saying anything you want about the government so long as you abbreviate zhongguo zhengfu (Chinese government) to zgzf, and so on. The system is really only there as a passive (sometimes active) reminder from Beijing that a Chinese government really does exist and they really are in charge, goddammit.
  • That article looks awfully familiar to the one that floated to on Digg few days ago, see http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200803/chinese-firewall [theatlantic.com] @ http://digg.com/tech_news/Why_Internet_Censorship_in_China_is_So_Incredibly_Effective [digg.com]
  • Censorship (Score:3, Insightful)

    by alohatiger (313873) on Thursday March 27 2008, @03:11PM (#22885776) Homepage
    But of course, that's nothing compared to the terrible censorship we endure in America!!

    (I'm just tired of people complaining about this place becoming a police state)
    • I know you are sarcastic, but really although China has a ton of censorship, the US though says it doesn't have censorship and for the most part people believe that, China on the other hand most people know that it censors and will find ways around it. For the US most are blissfully unaware....
      • Re:Censorship (Score:4, Interesting)

        by Bryansix (761547) on Thursday March 27 2008, @03:48PM (#22886236) Homepage
        I'm gonna have to say you are blissfully full of crap. What is censored in the US that you can access outside of it?
        • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

          There are different forms of censorship, and you're only focusing on one of them.

          One form is not allowing people access to content by blocking it. That's what China does.

          Another way to censor is to fine people who display unwanted content. The US uses this to keep "bad language", images of a sexual nature, etc. off of non-premium television stations.

          Another form of censorship involves controlling the media. The current administration does this primarily by blacklisting reporters who don't play nicely. A
        • Re:Censorship (Score:5, Interesting)

          by VJ42 (860241) * on Thursday March 27 2008, @05:06PM (#22887114)
          Being a Brit, I love comparing US news sources to others around the world, including those of our "enemies", and I regularly find that news sources from the USA are very introverted compared not only to the BBC [bbc.co.uk], but even Al Jazeera [aljazeera.net] and Chineese State news [cctv.com] are more outward looking (even if somewhat biased). It's not just the news of our enemies either I look at other allies [france24.com] news, they too are less introverted than their US [foxnews.com] equivilents [msn.com]. And it's not that you can't produce quality news from around the world, compare the versions of CNN:
          http://www.cnn.com/ [cnn.com]
          http://edition.cnn.com/ [cnn.com]

          But who would think to put "edition" at the beginning of a URL?
    • Too bad (Score:4, Insightful)

      by Anonymous Coward on Thursday March 27 2008, @04:21PM (#22886620)
      (I'm just tired of people complaining about this place becoming a police state)

      Some things may not be *as bad* in America as they are in China, but they can still be *bad*.

      In fact, we are seeing a slow but stead erosion of various civil liberties.

      Yes, things could be worse, but that is no reason to avoid making them better now.

  • Lived in Shanghai for two years until last month. I could always VPN out through the Great Firewall of China to a server outside China (in Japan). It was slow but reliable.
  • Freedom! (Score:2, Insightful)

    by Anonymous Coward
    And a billion Chinese looked at the BBC website, and asked: "What does it say? I can't read English."
  • It is not clear why China's net population, the world's largest, is suddenly able to view the BBC News website after years of being blocked. Nor is it clear how long the access will continue.
    I believe they may have just answered that question with this article.
  • by Anonymous Coward on Thursday March 27 2008, @03:16PM (#22885876)
    The Chinese censorship works by picking out key terms. So here's a simple way for you webmasters to really frustrate the censors. Everybody who's a webmaster for scientific and engineering and technical sites-- the ones that the Chinese really want their people to access-- here's what you need to do. Drop a couple of the forbidden terms in-- say "Free Tibet" and "Dalai Lama" and "Falun Gong" and "June 4 1989"-- at the end of your site. It can even be in white text on white screen; it doesn't matter if the humans can read it, as long as the robots can.

    Now the censors are rapidly going to discover that the firewall isn't working, because suddenly it's blocking all the stuff they want their people to be able to get to!

      • by popmaker (570147) on Thursday March 27 2008, @05:55PM (#22887628)
        An interesting idea. This might seem a sily question, bu humor me... Is there anything on the internet the Chinese government WANTS their people to be able to get to or or anything that they would be worried about that people might not being able to get to? In other words, who would actually get hurt by this?
  • I don't get why China gets as many breaks as they do, including Most Favored Nation status (permanently!). The 2008 Olympics are looking more and more like the 1936 edition.
    • China manufactures nearly all consumer electronics. And their domestic market is exploding. We need them more than they will soon need us.
      • by Bryansix (761547) on Thursday March 27 2008, @03:53PM (#22886312) Homepage
        It's time to sever that tie. Chinese products even for consumer electronics are typically low quality, full of lead, and made by slave (by US standards) labor. Why companies get away with exporting all of their manufacturing over there when they get crap (literaly) in return is beyond comprehension. I don't mind stuff manufactured in Taiwan. At least that stuff doesn't break in a week. I'd like it even better if high tech manufacturing was done in the US but with equipment effecient enought to make it economical even when compared to China. I know it can be done. We just need some forward looking companies to jump on the bandwagon.
      • Re: (Score:2, Informative)

        Wouldn't other countries pick up the slack if China lost most favored nation status and had to compete more fairly with other industrializing nations? Maybe even some of those jobs would move back to the US. China's advantage is lots of low cost manpower, and an extremely high tolerance for environmental damage. Many other countries have the same advantages. And US corporations may really want to get in on the ground floor of the newly growing markets in China, but currently the Chinese market doesn't m
    • by MacDork (560499) on Thursday March 27 2008, @04:13PM (#22886520) Journal

      I don't get why China gets as many breaks as they do

      Because they hold over $1.4 trillion dollars in US debt? Because they could crush our economy by unloading that paper [telegraph.co.uk] and their dollar reserves on the open market? Because the US is still going to China to beg for handouts because we can't balance our budget? Because their population of men available for military service exceeds that of the entire United States? And possibly, because our leadership, world famous as staunch defenders of civil rights themselves, really doesn't give a shit about Chinese human rights abuses?

      But what do I know? I'm just guessing here...

        • Re: (Score:3, Informative)

          Ah we have yet another person who does not understand M.A.D. Mutually Assured Destruction. If China destroyed our economy, they would also be destroying their own, we are after all by far their largest market

          Sorry but Europe took over as their largest market a while ago. M.A.D doesn't work in this scenario (I'd argue that it doesn't work at all) as china is more than able to lose over 50% of its luxury economy (the goods they export, China is a primary producer just not an exporting primary producer) and

    • by MrSteveSD (801820) on Thursday March 27 2008, @04:17PM (#22886576)
      Or this football match between England and Germany in Berlin in 1938. http://news.bbc.co.uk/nol/shared/spl/hi/pop_ups/03/magazine_enl_1064218142/img/1.jpg [bbc.co.uk]

      Can you guess which team is doing the Nazi salute? It's the England team.
      • Producing your own quality products in the US with US workers(or even a worker-friendly country) are 2 cardinal sins according to them.

        Well...duh. The US has much stricter environmental laws than China, so any industrial plants are going to have problems over here. They're going to be more expensive, if they're even feasible, meaning the costs of producing the goods goes up, and the prices that they must sell for in order to make a profit also go up. That computer you're typing on? You probably couldn't afford it if all of the parts had been made in the USA.

        Then there's the workers. In China, a person working in a factory for a full

  • Comcast??? (Score:5, Funny)

    by Shakrai (717556) on Thursday March 27 2008, @03:17PM (#22885894) Journal

    When the filtering system spots a banned term it sends instructions to the source server and destination PC to stop the flow of data.'

    Comcast has service in China???

  • Borrowed Time (Score:4, Interesting)

    by Mongoose Disciple (722373) on Thursday March 27 2008, @03:18PM (#22885912)
    I believe (perhaps naively) that this 'Golden Shield' will ultimately prove to be a failure, current methods to circumvent it notwithstanding.

    More than ever, information is becoming the lifeblood of a people. Without access to the full volume of information freely available to the rest of the world, China will fall behind in crucial ways. The filtering solution won't block out everything important, but it will block out some. Maybe someone mentions Tibet in his chemistry thesis and it's filtered for China, or whatever. There's a piece of information the rest of the world gets for free that a researcher in China might well miss.

    Ultimately I think China will decide it's in its best interest to allow the free flow of information into the country, and that in turn will help drive their country ever more towards modern democracy.

    Of course, I could be completely wrong. Maybe the future will end up like Red Dawn.
    • My suggestion is to sabotage their filtering. Everyone should put key words and phrases like "Free Tibet" on every page on every site, regardless of the content. Then nothing will get through! That'll show'em...
  • i'm pretty shocked that all of China is served through only 5 gateways.
  • by downix (84795) on Thursday March 27 2008, @03:31PM (#22886052) Homepage
    Such a system is inherently weak in that even crude encryption techniques render it worthless. Imagine, if you will, a basic anonymizer service using a 128-bit key system. Almost immediately, the robots and spiders would find your communications gibberish. Even the url visited would be garbled and useless. And to attempt to shut down the anonymizing service would be problematic should such a service be switched to a P2P setup, rendering it next to impossible to break.

    Absolutely pathetic come to think about it.
    • by glop (181086) on Thursday March 27 2008, @04:04PM (#22886432)
      You are looking at it from a technical standpoint. There is also a human standpoint: people in China know that they are being watched, so they self censor the websites they go to in order to be sure that they stay out of trouble.
      It's a bit like when you are at work and you see some headline about the recent security problem at Facebook. You see Paris Hilton mentioned, so you stay clear from the link because you are not sure the article will be purely technical and not embarassing.

      No need for a 100% efficient filtering system to frighten people and cause them to self-censor.

  • by sakdoctor (1087155) on Thursday March 27 2008, @03:51PM (#22886282)
    Read the comments by Chinese net users

    http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/7313998.stm [bbc.co.uk]

    They don't think that their media is at all biased. They believe "western" media is biased and has an anti-Chinese agenda.
    Too much fucking national pride is what it is. When I talk to Chinese people, in China, I often get this weird apologetic "our country is crappy in a socio-economic way", but "our morals and cultural values are superior to your hedonistic, non-family oriented foreign ways".

    It's creepy. Take a look at the China-daily forum if you have morbid interest. It's full of the craziest ranting racists I have ever seen...and I visited 4chan once.

    Bottom line is, I don't think the government oppressing the people with censorship should be looked at in such a simplistic way. There seems to be a need for the censorship for many people on some level. Like they can't take a single bit of criticism of their precious middle kingdom and it's 5000 (actually 50) year great history.
    • Re: (Score:3, Interesting)

      That sounds a lot like the attitude of most Americans towards their media.
    • And where do they learn this?

      From government sponsored schools and press releases.

      They are victims of sweet sweet propaganda, so yes, you can blame the government. This is how totalitarianism works. China wants to block the internet to prevent it's people from finding the logical holes in their education.
    • Like they can't take a single bit of criticism of their precious middle kingdom and it's 5000 (actually 50) year great history.

      They can't take criticism, because they are suppressing so much shame. It's the natural human condition - when you feel that pain inside of you, you reach for pleasant dreams and feelings of superiority to make it go away. The louder the racist/nationalist, the bigger the mental image they are attached to. People create that mental image for a reason.
  • by WoodstockJeff (568111) on Thursday March 27 2008, @04:49PM (#22886930) Homepage
    Hmm... a list of these banned words and phrases would make a good source of text to use in response to the HELO/EHLO dialog on an SMTP server... Have China block a compromised computer from accessing your server automatically!
  • by NotZed (19455) on Thursday March 27 2008, @05:26PM (#22887314)

    Would you be capable of filtering all of China's net access using off the shelf boxes and some custom software, or would it need some specialised network hardware?

    Are Cisco for (an obvious) example, supporting this censorship through hardware and/or software?
    • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

      Actually, given that china's been doing this for a lot longer.... Comcast is just like China, I'd say.